Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1301: In addition to thiazides, calcium oxalate kidney stones may be treated with _____ supplementation and a low-sodium diet

Answer: citrate

Flashcard 1302: Multiple white matter lesions separated by time and space is _____

Answer: multiple sclerosis

Flashcard 1303: Pts with thyroid nodules that are _____ are more likely to be cancer

Answer: euthyroid

Flashcard 1304: Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP):\nOutpatient (healthy, no risk factors): _____\nInpatient (non-ICU): _____

Answer: Amoxicillin, doxycycline, or macrolide

Extra: Based on ATS/IDSA 2019 guidelines. Amoxicillin (1g TID) is the preferred monotherapy for healthy outpatients without risk factors for MRSA or P. aeruginosa. \n\nInpatient (non-ICU) treatment usually involves combination therapy with a beta-lactam + macrolide or monotherapy with a respiratory fluoroquinolone.

Flashcard 1305: Joint space narrowing and bone erosions describes which of the following: _____

Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis

Flashcard 1306: Who should get a Tdap vaccine and how often?\n_____

Answer: All adults, every 10 years

Extra: Adults should receive a Tdap dose once (if not previously received), followed by a Td or Tdap booster every 10 years. Pregnant women should receive Tdap during each pregnancy (ideally 27–36 weeks gestation).

Flashcard 1307: The ophthalmoplegia in Graves disease may cause decreased _____ and _____

Answer: convergence

Flashcard 1308: Clinicians should offer or refer adults to intensive, multicomponent behavioral interventions if they have a BMI of: _____

Answer: ≥30

Flashcard 1309: What classic fundoscopic sign of glaucoma is characterized by an enlarged cup-to-disc ratio?\n_____

Answer: Optic disc cupping

Extra: Optic disc cupping is characterized by an increased cup-to-disc ratio (normal is usually < 0.3).

Flashcard 1310: _____: An infarction of the central nervous system with resultant neurologic deficit that persists beyond 24 hours or is interrupted by death within 24 hours

Answer: Ischemic stroke