Aortic diseases US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Aortic diseases with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Aortic diseases Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 1: Acute aortic dissection may lead to new-onset _____ with signs and symptoms of cardiogenic shock
Answer: heart failure
Extra:
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Flashcard 2: The most common cause of aortic dissection in older adults is _____
Answer: hypertension
Flashcard 3: Aortic _____ may present with markedly unequal blood pressure in the arms
Answer: dissection
Flashcard 4: _____ is a longitudinal intimal tear with dissection of blood through the media of the aortic wall
Answer: Aortic dissection
Flashcard 5: What is the treatment for Stanford type B aortic dissection? _____
Answer: Beta-blockers, then vasodilators
Flashcard 6: Aortic dissection is associated with a _____ aortic valve
Answer: bicuspid
Flashcard 7: What is Ebstein's anomaly?
Answer: atrialized right ventricle
Flashcard 8: Arteries involved in Medial Medullary Syndrome
Answer: stroke in paramedian branches of ASA and/or vertebral arteries
Extra: Features:
1. Ipsilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy (tongue deviation to side of lesion)
2. Contralateral hemiparesis (pyramidal tract)
3. Contralateral loss of proprioception/vibration (medial lemniscus)
Flashcard 9: Pathophysiology of migraine headache
Answer: irritation of CN 5, meninges, and/or blood vessels
Extra: Involves activation of the trigeminovascular system.
Pathogenesis: Release of substance P, CGRP, and vasoactive peptides.
Clinical features: Pulsating unilateral headache; 4-72 hr duration; +/- nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, aura.
Treatment:
- Abortive: Triptans, NSAIDs
- Prophylactic: Propranolol, Topiramate, Amitriptyline
Flashcard 10: What is the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Hyperlipidemia Type IIa)?
Answer: Defect: LDL receptor mutation (autosomal dominant)
Lab findings: Elevated LDL and Total Cholesterol
Clinical features: Severe atherosclerotic disease, Tendon xanthomas, Corneal arcus, early MI
Extra: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Type IIa) is characterized by a deficiency or defect in the LDL receptors, leading to decreased clearance of LDL from the blood.
Heterozygotes: Cholesterol around 300 mg/dL.
Homozygotes (rare): Cholesterol >700 mg/dL, MI can occur in childhood.
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