Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3751: How do serum Na+ levels change in Liddle syndrome? _____

Answer: Normal

Extra: Liddle syndrome involves a gain-of-function mutation in ENaC (epithelial sodium channel) in the collecting tubules. This leads to increased Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion. Key findings: - Hypertension - Hypokalemia - Metabolic alkalosis - **Low Renin** and **Low Aldosterone** (Pseudo-hyperaldosteronism) - Serum Na+ is typically **normal** due to compensatory volume expansion.

Flashcard 3752: What is the likely cause of this high-pitched, 'blowing' murmur: _____

Answer: mitral/tricuspid regurgitation

Flashcard 3753: What findings are heard at the **apex** (left lateral decubitus; bell) in a patient with **mitral regurgitation** and **ventricular volume overload**?

Answer: S3 and holosystolic murmur

Extra: A holosystolic murmur at the apex is characteristic of mitral regurgitation. An S3 heart sound (ventricular gallop) indicates rapid ventricular filling into a dilated or compliant ventricle, often seen in heart failure or volume overload.

Flashcard 3754: Aortic _____ may arise as a consequence of chronic rheumatic valve disease

Answer: stenosis

Flashcard 3755: _____ is also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome

Answer: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

Flashcard 3756: Acute respiratory distress syndrome presents with a '_____'' appearance on CXR

Answer: white-out

Flashcard 3757: Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease present with claudication, _____, and numbness distally to occlusion

Answer: rest pain

Flashcard 3758: What is the classic auscultatory finding of **Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)**?

Answer: Mid-systolic click

Flashcard 3759: Kussmaul sign (increased JVP on inspiration) may be seen with _____ (left or right) atrial or ventricular tumors

Answer: right

Flashcard 3760: Patients who get chronically exposed to Nickel, Chromium, Beryllium, or Silica are at risk for what cancer?

Answer: Lung Cancer