Cardiac tumors — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: One complication associated with lung cancer is _____, which can lead to obstructive shock

Answer: pericardial effusion

Flashcard 2: What condition is characterized by episodic chest pain that worsens with movement or changes in position, without warmth, swelling, erythema, or other cardiovascular / pulmonary signs or symptoms?

Answer: Costochondritis

Flashcard 3: Late (chronic) lesions of rheumatic heart disease cause mitral _____

Answer: stenosis

Flashcard 4: Causes of _____ cardiomyopathy include amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, post-radiation fibrosis, and eosinophilic syndromes of the heart (loeffler endocarditis, endomyocardial fibrosis)

Answer: restrictive

Flashcard 5: Complications of myocarditis include arrhythmias, heart failure, cardiogenic shock and _____ cardiomyopathy

Answer: dilated

Extra:  Watch Myocarditis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-myocardial-and-pericardial-disorders-myocarditis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/cardiomyopathy?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/shock/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 6: What type of cardiac tumor is associated with a diastolic "plop" sound (mid-diastolic rumbling murmur best heard at the apex) on auscultation? _____

Answer: Myxomas

Flashcard 7: What is Ebstein's anomaly?

Answer: atrialized right ventricle

Flashcard 8: Arteries involved in Medial Medullary Syndrome

Answer: stroke in paramedian branches of ASA and/or vertebral arteries

Extra: Features: 1. Ipsilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy (tongue deviation to side of lesion) 2. Contralateral hemiparesis (pyramidal tract) 3. Contralateral loss of proprioception/vibration (medial lemniscus)

Flashcard 9: Pathophysiology of migraine headache

Answer: irritation of CN 5, meninges, and/or blood vessels

Extra: Involves activation of the trigeminovascular system. Pathogenesis: Release of substance P, CGRP, and vasoactive peptides. Clinical features: Pulsating unilateral headache; 4-72 hr duration; +/- nausea, photophobia, phonophobia, aura. Treatment: - Abortive: Triptans, NSAIDs - Prophylactic: Propranolol, Topiramate, Amitriptyline

Flashcard 10: What is the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Hyperlipidemia Type IIa)?

Answer: Defect: LDL receptor mutation (autosomal dominant) Lab findings: Elevated LDL and Total Cholesterol Clinical features: Severe atherosclerotic disease, Tendon xanthomas, Corneal arcus, early MI

Extra: Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Type IIa) is characterized by a deficiency or defect in the LDL receptors, leading to decreased clearance of LDL from the blood. Heterozygotes: Cholesterol around 300 mg/dL. Homozygotes (rare): Cholesterol >700 mg/dL, MI can occur in childhood.