Transcription/translation — Flashcards

Flashcard 261: At what site of the ribosome does tRNA bind to for translation initiation? _____

Answer: P site

Flashcard 262: tRNA is joined with its specific amino acid via the enzyme _____

Answer: aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Flashcard 263: _____ is a specific transcription factor that binds kB elements, which regulates expression of many genes in the immune system

Answer: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB)

Flashcard 264: The process that allows transmembrane vs secreted Ig, tropomyosin variants in muscle, and dopamine receptors in the brain to all come from respective single hnRNA transcripts is known as _____

Answer: alternative splicing

Flashcard 265: Targets of JAK (tyrosine kinase associated-receptor pathway) include _____, which cause transcription of new mRNAs and new protein synthesis

Answer: STATs

Flashcard 266: TSH, FSH, LH, and hCG share an identical _____ subunit.

Answer: alpha

Extra: The **beta subunit** is unique to each hormone and determines its biological specificity. Note: hCG is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta, while TSH, FSH, and LH are produced by the anterior pituitary.

Flashcard 267: Which nucleotide triphosphate is used in the translocation of tRNA?_____

Answer: GTP

Flashcard 268: After preprohormone has been formed, signal peptides are cleaved, producing a _____, which is transferred to the golgi apparatus

Answer: prohormone

Flashcard 269: Only _____-amino acids are found in proteins

Answer: L

Flashcard 270: In the first step of strand elongation, an _____ binds to the A site

Answer: aminoacyl-tRNA