RNA interference and microRNAs — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The _____ ribosomal subunit initiates translation by binding to the shine-dalgarno sequence

Answer: 30s

Flashcard 2: The process that allows transmembrane vs secreted Ig, tropomyosin variants in muscle, and dopamine receptors in the brain to all come from respective single hnRNA transcripts is known as _____

Answer: alternative splicing

Flashcard 3: mRNA quality control occurs at _____, which contain exonucleases, decapping enzymes, and microRNAs

Answer: cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies)

Flashcard 4: In eukaryotes, each gene has it's own _____, to which RNA polymerase II may bind

Answer: promoter

Flashcard 5: While DNA polymerase binds to a primer, RNA polymerase binds to a _____

Answer: promoter

Flashcard 6: mRNA directs ribosomal synthesis of _____, which contains a signal peptide, the A and B chains of insulin, and a connecting peptide (insulin synthesis)

Answer: preproinsulin

Flashcard 7: _____ are stretches of DNA that increase gene expression by binding specific transcription factors

Answer: Enhancers

Flashcard 8: Where does protein synthesis take place?

Answer: Ribosomes (free ribosomes in the cytoplasm or bound to the RER)

Extra: - Free ribosomes: Synthesize proteins that remain within the cytosol, or are sent to the nucleus (e.g., transcription factors), mitochondria, or peroxisomes. - RER-bound ribosomes: Synthesize proteins destined for secretion, the cell membrane, or lysosomes.

Flashcard 9: ribosome

Answer: protein synthesis

Extra: 50S and 30S subunits

Flashcard 10: Northern

Answer: RNA

Extra: complementary labeled RNA