Elongation and termination of translation — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: At what site of the ribosome does tRNA bind to for translation elongation? _____

Answer: A site

Flashcard 2: One class of post-translational modifications is _____, which include phosphorylation, glycosylation, hydroxylation, methylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination

Answer: covalent alterations

Flashcard 3: In the final step of translation, a stop codon is recognized by _____ and the completed polypeptide is released from the ribosome

Answer: Release factors

Flashcard 4: Peptide bond formation is facilitated by the ribozyme _____

Answer: peptidyl transferase

Flashcard 5: Translation is initiated by _____ hydrolysis

Answer: GTP

Flashcard 6: Which three sequences of bases are mRNA stop codons? _____

Answer: UGA, UAA, UAG

Flashcard 7: Where does protein synthesis take place?

Answer: Ribosomes (free ribosomes in the cytoplasm or bound to the RER)

Extra: - Free ribosomes: Synthesize proteins that remain within the cytosol, or are sent to the nucleus (e.g., transcription factors), mitochondria, or peroxisomes. - RER-bound ribosomes: Synthesize proteins destined for secretion, the cell membrane, or lysosomes.

Flashcard 8: ribosome

Answer: protein synthesis

Extra: 50S and 30S subunits

Flashcard 9: Northern

Answer: RNA

Extra: complementary labeled RNA

Flashcard 10: What occurs during the translation step of collagen synthesis?

Answer: translation of preprocollagen α-chains