Elongation and termination of transcription — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: One post-transcriptional modification is the addition of a _____ at the 3' end

Answer: poly-A tail

Flashcard 2: mRNA quality control occurs at _____, which contain exonucleases, decapping enzymes, and microRNAs

Answer: cytoplasmic processing bodies (P-bodies)

Flashcard 3: While DNA polymerase binds to a primer, RNA polymerase binds to a _____

Answer: promoter

Flashcard 4: Enhancers increase transcription via enhanced activity of the enzyme _____

Answer: RNA polymerase

Flashcard 5: _____ are stretches of DNA that increase gene expression by binding specific transcription factors

Answer: Enhancers

Flashcard 6: In addition to GTP, translocation of the ribosome during translation also requires eukaryotic _____

Answer: elongation factor 2 (eEF-2)

Flashcard 7: Where does protein synthesis take place?

Answer: Ribosomes (free ribosomes in the cytoplasm or bound to the RER)

Extra: - Free ribosomes: Synthesize proteins that remain within the cytosol, or are sent to the nucleus (e.g., transcription factors), mitochondria, or peroxisomes. - RER-bound ribosomes: Synthesize proteins destined for secretion, the cell membrane, or lysosomes.

Flashcard 8: ribosome

Answer: protein synthesis

Extra: 50S and 30S subunits

Flashcard 9: Northern

Answer: RNA

Extra: complementary labeled RNA

Flashcard 10: What occurs during the translation step of collagen synthesis?

Answer: translation of preprocollagen α-chains