Translation initiation — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The _____ ribosomal subunit initiates translation by binding to the shine-dalgarno sequence

Answer: 30s

Flashcard 2: What does AUG encode for in eukaryotes?_____

Answer: Methionine (start codon)

Flashcard 3: Eukaryotic _____ help assemble the 40s ribosomal subunit with the initiator tRNA

Answer: Initiation Factors (eIF)

Flashcard 4: Translation is initiated by _____ hydrolysis

Answer: GTP

Flashcard 5: Prokaryotic translation begins when a ribosome binds a _____ sequence

Answer: Shine-Dalgarno

Flashcard 6: Eukaryotic translation begins when a ribosome binds a _____

Answer: 7-methyl-G-cap

Flashcard 7: mRNA directs ribosomal synthesis of _____, which contains a signal peptide, the A and B chains of insulin, and a connecting peptide (insulin synthesis)

Answer: preproinsulin

Flashcard 8: The _____ ribosomal subunit initiates translation by binding to the 7-methylguanosine cap

Answer: 40s

Flashcard 9: Where does protein synthesis take place?

Answer: Ribosomes (free ribosomes in the cytoplasm or bound to the RER)

Extra: - Free ribosomes: Synthesize proteins that remain within the cytosol, or are sent to the nucleus (e.g., transcription factors), mitochondria, or peroxisomes. - RER-bound ribosomes: Synthesize proteins destined for secretion, the cell membrane, or lysosomes.

Flashcard 10: ribosome

Answer: protein synthesis

Extra: 50S and 30S subunits