Epidemiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 291: In _____ transmission, the disease agent changes in form and in number

Answer: Cyclo-propagative

Flashcard 292: Subtype _____ viruses are the most common form of HIV in India.

Answer: C

Flashcard 293: Contamination of mustard oil with argemone oil can lead to _____

Answer: epidemic dropsy

Flashcard 294: Surveillance indicators for AFP (Sensitivity): At least _____ case(s) of non-polio AFP should be detected annually per 1,00,000 population aged < 15 years.

Answer: 1 (per 100,000 children under 15 years)

Extra: WHO benchmark for AFP surveillance sensitivity: • Non-polio AFP rate: ≥ 1 case per 100,000 children < 15 years. • Note: In India, the operational target is often set higher at ≥ 2 per 100,000. • Adequate stool collection: ≥ 80% (2 specimens within 14 days of onset).

Flashcard 295: Choledochal cyst is seen in females _____ than males.

Answer: more (less/more)

Flashcard 296: _____ is the percentage of female anophelines with sporozoites in their salivary glands

Answer: Sporozoite rate

Flashcard 297: The sequence of events leading to disability is -                      Disease -> _____ -> Disability -> _____

Answer: Impairment; Handicap

Flashcard 298: When screening tests are used in parallel, _____ increases

Answer: sensitivity

Flashcard 299: A _____ must have properties common with the exposure and the outcome of interest.

Answer: confounding factor

Flashcard 300: The _____ is used for measuring the endemicity of malaria in a community.

Answer: spleen rate