Epidemiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 231: Development of an effective vaccine for disease causes _____ incidence and decreased prevalence

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 232: An IDR of 0 implies that a disease is _____ in a population whereas an IDR of infinity implies instantaneous, universal effect on population

Answer: not occuring

Flashcard 233: _____ = sensitivity / (1 - specificity)

Answer: Positive likelihood ratio

Flashcard 234: Type _____ poliovirus is the most common cause of endemics

Answer: 2

Flashcard 235: _____ rate = # of new cases / # of people at risk during a specified time period

Answer: Incidence

Flashcard 236: CIR has a range from _____ and must be accompanied by a specific time period to have any meaningful interpretation

Answer: 0-1

Flashcard 237: Survival Cohort Bias is a special case of _____ where a survival cohort (available patients) is used instead of a true inception cohort

Answer: assembly bias

Flashcard 238: An Attack Rate is a special type of _____ that is the (# of people affected)/(# of people at risk at beginning of time period)

Answer: CIR

Flashcard 239: The _____ rate is one way of measuring the virulence of the disease or infection

Answer: case fatality

Flashcard 240: According to the SRS 2023 update (2020 data), the crude birth rate and death rate in India are _____ and 6.0 respectively.

Answer: 19.5

Extra: Latest SRS Statistics (SRS Bulletin released September 2023, based on 2020 data): - Crude Birth Rate (CBR): 19.5 (Rural: 21.3; Urban: 16.1) - Crude Death Rate (CDR): 6.0 (Rural: 6.4; Urban: 5.1) - Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): 28 (Rural: 31; Urban: 19) - Natural Growth Rate: 13.5 (calculated as CBR - CDR) Note: SRS data is the gold standard for these statistics in Indian medical exams.