Epidemiology — Flashcards

Measurement bias can be reduced by:- using a _____ group - using objective and standardized methods of data collection

A negative likelihood ratio < _____ indicates a highly sensitive test.

Migration bias can be remedied with the _____ or the Best / Worst Case analysis

Confounding Bias can be reduced by RANDOMIZATION, but other important interventions include:- _____ of exposure groups- crossover studies- restriction of characteristics- multiple / repeated studies

Randomization can be done in a stratified manner where randomization is done within _____ in order to ensure equal balance in number of treatment and control subjects throughout the study

Increased prevalence results in _____ positive predictive value

HHV-8 has a higher incidence in _____ or Mediterranean males, as well as African populations

_____ is when an external variable truly positively or negatively impacts the observed effect of a risk factor on disease status

Observer-expectancy bias (Pygmalion effect) is an error introduced _____ where the researcher's belief in the efficacy of a treatment changes the outcome of treatment.

Increased prevalence results in _____ negative predictive value