Systemic Pathology — Flashcards

Flashcard 241: _____ hematoma is a collection of blood underneath the dura

Answer: Subdural

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 242: What disease is characterized by demyelination of the **dorsal columns** and **lateral corticospinal tracts** (typically due to Vitamin B12 deficiency)? _____

Answer: Subacute combined degeneration

Extra: Subacute combined degeneration (SCD) is caused by **Vitamin B12 deficiency**. It involves demyelination of: - **Dorsal columns**: Loss of vibration and proprioception - **Lateral corticospinal tracts**: Spastic paresis - **Spinocerebellar tracts**: Ataxia

Flashcard 243: What chromosomal abnormality is associated with Edwards syndrome? _____

Answer: Trisomy 18

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 244: Which testicular tumor secretes massive amounts of testosterone and estrogen, leading to precocious puberty and gynecomastia? _____

Answer: Leydig cell tumor

Extra: Leydig cell tumors are sex cord-stromal tumors that can produce androgens and/or estrogens. They often contain Reinke crystals (eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions).

Flashcard 245: Which renal arteriole is initially affected by non-enzymatic glycation? _____

Answer: Efferent arteriole

Flashcard 246: Lichen sclerosus is characterized by _____ of the epidermis and _____ of the dermis

Answer: thinning

Flashcard 247: Alport syndrome is characterized by _____ and splitting of the glomerular basement membrane

Answer: thinning

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 248: In thyroid medullary carcinoma, calcitonin often deposits within the tumor as _____, which may be visualized with a(n) congo red stain

Answer: amyloid

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 249: Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is characterized by epidermolysis of the stratum _____

Answer: granulosum

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 250: In Follicular lymphoma, there is a failure of apoptosis of faulty B cells during _____

Answer: somatic hypermutation