High-risk pregnancies — Flashcards

Flashcard 51: After week 8, teratogens tend to exert _____ effects on the fetus.

Answer: growth and function

Flashcard 52: Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Answer: vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies

Flashcard 53: What are the main obstetric and fetal complications associated with maternal cocaine use?

Answer: Placental abruption, premature birth, IUGR, and fetal addiction.

Flashcard 54: Effects of maternal tobacco/nicotine use during pregnancy include?

Answer: Preterm labor, placental problems (abruption, previa), IUGR, ADHD, SIDS

Flashcard 55: What syndrome is caused by maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy?

Answer: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) :: most common preventable cause of congenital disability

Extra: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is characterized by: 1. Growth restriction (pre- and postnatal) 2. CNS dysfunction (microcephaly, intellectual disability) 3. Facial dysmorphism: Smooth philtrum, thin upper lip (vermilion border), and shortened palpebral fissures.

Flashcard 56: What are the classic fetal complications associated with poorly controlled maternal PKU?

Answer: Microcephaly, Intellectual disability (mental retardation), Growth retardation, and Congenital heart defects.

Extra: Maternal PKU syndrome occurs when a woman with phenylketonuria (PKU) fails to maintain a low-phenylalanine diet during pregnancy. High maternal levels of phenylalanine cross the placenta and act as a teratogen to the developing fetus, regardless of the fetus's own genotype.

Flashcard 57: A 17 year old is pregnant and requests an abortion.

Answer: Depending on the state, physician may need parental consent. DO NOT advise an abortion because of mother's age or condition of fetus unless medically justified.

Flashcard 58: A 15 year old is pregnant and wants to keep the child. Her parents want you to tell her to give the child up for adoption.

Answer: Provide requested information and encourage conversation between both parties. Ultimately, the 15 year old mother has the right to make decisions regarding her child.

Flashcard 59: What is the criteria for low birthweight?

Answer: <2500 g

Flashcard 60: Müllerian agenesis and imperforate hymen are causes of _____ with normal secondary sex characteristics

Answer: primary amenorrhea