Renal disease in pregnancy US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Renal disease in pregnancy with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Renal disease in pregnancy Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 1: There is an increased incidence of preeclampsia in patients with pre-existing _____, diabetes, chronic renal disease, and autoimmune disorders
Answer: hypertension
Flashcard 2: What level of proteinuria is required to make a diagnosis of preeclampsia?
Answer: ≥ 300 mg/24 hours (or protein:creatinine ratio ≥ 0.3)
Flashcard 3: What is the treatment for preeclampsia or eclampsia to prevent seizures?_____
Answer: IV magnesium sulfate
Flashcard 4: What volume defines oligohydramnios?
Answer: <200 mL or <0.2 L (at term) :: volume
Extra: Oligohydramnios is defined as:
- Amniotic Fluid Volume (AFV) < 200 mL
- Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) < 5 cm
- Single Deepest Pocket (SDP) < 2 cm
Polyhydramnios is defined as > 2000 mL (> 2 L).
Flashcard 5: What are the classic clinical features of late congenital syphilis?
Answer: Presence of saber shins, saddle nose, mulberry molars, and Hutchinson (notched) incisors.
Extra: Congenital syphilis is caused by the prenatal transplacental transmission of Treponema pallidum. Signs include:
• Hutchinson triad: Notched incisors, interstitial keratitis, and 8th nerve deafness.
• Bone findings: Saber shins, Higouménakis sign (medial clavicular thickening).
• Teeth: Mulberry molars.
• Face: Saddle nose, Rhagades (perioral fissures).
Flashcard 6: What are the major contraindications and the primary mechanism of combined estrogen/progestin oral contraceptives?
Answer: Contraindications: Smokers > 35 y/o, hx of DVT/PE, stroke, and ER+ breast cancer.
Mechanism: Prevents ovulation.
Key Side Effect: Thrombosis.
Extra: contraception smokers > 35 y/o, hx DVT, stroke, ER+ cancer in combination prevents ovulation thrombosis
Flashcard 7: GYN tumor incidence in US: _____ > _____ > _____
Answer: endometrial
Flashcard 8: Typical clinical and histological features of Granulosa cell tumor?
Answer: Increased Estrogen, Call-Exner bodies, Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)
Extra: - Call-Exner bodies: Small follicles with eosinophilic secretions.
- Clinical: Precocious puberty (kids), endometrial hyperplasia/carcinoma (adults due to estrogen exposure).
- Marker: Inhibin.
Flashcard 9: What are the key characteristics of serous cystadenocarcinoma?
Answer: Maligant surface epithelial tumor of the ovary; most common ovarian cancer.
Extra: Often bilateral; presents with Psammoma bodies (concentric calcifications). Associated with BRCA1 mutations.
Flashcard 10: Define Endometrioma (Chocolate cyst) and its pathogenesis.
Answer: The presence of ectopic endometrial tissue within the ovary that undergoes cyclic bleeding, resulting in an enlarging cyst filled with thick, brown, hemolyzed blood (chocolate cyst).
Extra: Key features:
- Most common site of endometriosis is the ovary.
- Gross appearance: 'Chocolate cyst' (thick, old blood).
- Histology: Endometrial stroma, glands, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages (siderophages).
- Classical presentation: Cyclic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia.
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