Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 801: Pneumocystis jirovecii prophylaxis in HIV patients should be started at CD4 counts < _____ cells/mm³ with TMP-SMX

Answer: 200

Extra: TMP-SMX is the first-line agent for PCP prophylaxis.

Flashcard 802: What is the most sensitive screening test for primary hypothyroidism? _____

Answer: High TSH

Extra: * due to lack of negative feedback on the anterior pituitary

Flashcard 803: Enlargement of the _____ can cause dysphagia due to compression of the esophagus

Answer: left atrium

Extra: Left atrial enlargement (often due to mitral stenosis) causes compression of: 1. Esophagus → Dysphagia 2. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve → Hoarseness (Ortner syndrome)

Flashcard 804: The palpable "bag of worms" on physical exam in a patient who has a varicocele may be augmented by the _____ maneuver

Answer: Valsalva

Flashcard 805: Pneumothorax presents with _____ tactile fremitus on the affected side

Answer: decreased

Extra: Tactile fremitus Findings in pneumonia (left) and pleural effusion (right) Place hands on each side of the thorax, ask the patient to say “toy boat” repeatedly (“ninety-nine” is also commonly used), and feel for vibrations transmitted throughout the chest wall. Vibrations are typically decreased over fluid-filled areas (blue area) and increased over areas of dense consolidation (yellow area). Same for emphysema air is present outside the lung in the thoracic cavity, which insulates breath sounds and vibration (fremitus) originating within the lung

Flashcard 806: Lateral medullary syndrome is also known as _____ syndrome

Answer: Wallenberg

Flashcard 807: What age group is primarily affected by Chronic Myeloid Leukemia? _____

Answer: Older adults ~60 years old

Flashcard 808: What sounds may be heard on respiratory exam in a patient with chronic bronchitis? _____

Answer: Wheezing, crackles

Flashcard 809: Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of _____ arthritis in adults

Answer: septic

Flashcard 810: _____ is a brief, reversible episode of focal neurologic dysfunction without acute infarction (negative MRI)

Answer: Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Extra: Atlas: