Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 421: Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease is associated with an inability to _____ urine

Answer: concentrate

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 422: After checking a patient on urinalysis, patients with _____ should be started on a(n) ACE inhibitor, especially if they have concomitant BP > 130/80

Answer: proteinuria

Extra: FA2020 UPDATE: ACE inhibitors dilate the efferent arteriole. Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular/Renal

Flashcard 423: _____ is a type I and III hypersensitivity reaction caused by Aspergillus fumigatus

Answer: Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)

Extra: Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity response to Aspergillus fumigatus associated with asthma and cystic fibrosis. Key features: - Eosinophilia - Very high IgE levels - Bronchiectasis (proximal) - Brownish mucus plugs

Flashcard 424: Pneumocystis pneumonia is a(n) _____ pneumonia

Answer: interstitial (atypical)

Flashcard 425: What is the preferred initial management for symptomatic patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy? _____ (first-line) _____ (second-line)

Answer: β-blockers

Flashcard 426: The signs/symptoms of multiple myeloma may be remembered with the mnemonic "CRAB": C: _____ R: Renal involvement, height Reduction A: Anemia* B: Bone lytic lesions / Back pain

Answer: hyperCalcemia

Extra: 1) Hypercalcemia/bone lytic lesions/back pain: Osteoclast activation (via RANKL) leads to bone resorption. 2) Renal: Excess light chain exceeds reabsorption ability of kidney, so light chains deposit in tubules and also appear in the urine (Bence Jones protein; detected with UPEP); also, hypercalcemia damages kidney's ability to concentrate urine. 3) Anemia: Replacement of bone marrow with plasma cells (infiltration), so less RBCs produced. Also renal failure leads to low EPO production.

Flashcard 427: Which thyroid imbalance presents with weight loss and increased appetite? _____

Answer: Hyperthyroidism

Flashcard 428: Poliovirus can cause _____ insufficiency

Answer: respiratory

Flashcard 429: _____ is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in Hispanics and African Americans

Answer: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

Extra: most common type of nephrotic syndrome overall in adults

Flashcard 430: In hypothyroidism patients, myxedema commonly affects the _____ (causing deep voice) and _____ (causing enlargement)

Answer: larynx