Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 411: Patients with hereditary spherocytosis are at risk of aplastic crisis with _____ infection of erythroid precursors

Answer: parvovirus B19

Extra: Atlas: Other:

Flashcard 412: Atelectasis (bronchial / bronchiole obstruction) presents with _____ breath sounds

Answer: decreased

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 413: Patients with pericarditis present with _____ chest pain and is relieved by postural changes

Answer: pleuritic

Flashcard 414: Graft-versus-host disease is potentially beneficial in bone marrow transplants for patients with _____

Answer: leukemia

Extra: Donor T cells recognize and eliminate residual host leukemic cells. While Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD) is a complication, its occurrence often correlates with a lower risk of leukemia relapse.

Flashcard 415: A special finding in a(n) _____ nerve injury is "ulnar claw" on digit extension

Answer: distal ulnar

Flashcard 416: _____ syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a failure to complete puberty and **anosmia** (loss of smell).

Answer: Kallmann

Extra: Kallmann syndrome is characterized by the combination of congenital GnRH deficiency and **anosmia**. It results from the failure of GnRH-secreting neurons and olfactory bulb neurons to migrate from the olfactory placode.

Flashcard 417: What is the most common thyroid nodularity? _____ *bonus: why?

Answer: Multinodular goiter

Extra: * due to fluctuating iodine levels -> irregularly enlarged multinodular goiter and hypothyroidism

Flashcard 418: Obesity is an important risk factor for insulin resistance (particularly _____ fat)

Answer: abdominal

Extra: * T2DM

Flashcard 419: Functional pituitary adenoma is rarely from adenoma of _____ and gonadotrophs (FSH, LH)

Answer: thyrotrophs (TSH)

Flashcard 420: The signs/symptoms of multiple myeloma may be remembered with the mnemonic "CRAB": C: _____ R: Renal involvement, height Reduction A: Anemia* B: Bone lytic lesions / Back pain

Answer: hyperCalcemia

Extra: 1) Hypercalcemia/bone lytic lesions/back pain: Osteoclast activation (via RANKL) leads to bone resorption. 2) Renal: Excess light chain exceeds reabsorption ability of kidney, so light chains deposit in tubules and also appear in the urine (Bence Jones protein; detected with UPEP); also, hypercalcemia damages kidney's ability to concentrate urine. 3) Anemia: Replacement of bone marrow with plasma cells (infiltration), so less RBCs produced. Also renal failure leads to low EPO production.