Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 31: Which type of muscle fibers undergo atrophy in hypothyroid myopathy? _____ *bonus: why?

Answer: Fast twitch (type II)

Flashcard 32: What effect does chronic kidney disease have on serum potassium levels? _____

Answer: Increased (hyperkalemia)

Extra: * due to decreased potassium filtration and excretion

Flashcard 33: TTP and HUS typically present with _____ PT and _____ PTT

Answer: normal

Flashcard 34: What is the most common cause of aortic regurgitation? _____

Answer: Isolated aortic root dilation

Extra: * according to sketchy in the developed world the most common cause is dystrophic calcification

Flashcard 35: The symptoms of lumbar spinal stenosis are most commonly elicited when _____

Answer: walking

Flashcard 36: What determines the severity of effusion and morbidity in cardiac tamponade? _____

Answer: Rate of fluid accumulation

Flashcard 37: Bornholm's disease is characterized by sharp pain in the lower _____ _____-laterally

Answer: chest

Flashcard 38: Comparison of Thyroid Functional States: **Hyperthyroidism**: - Basal Metabolic Rate: _____ - Heart Rate: Tachycardia - Skin: Warm and moist **Hypothyroidism**: - Basal Metabolic Rate: _____ - Heart Rate: Bradycardia - Skin: Cold and dry

Answer: Increased

Extra: Clinical features of Hypothyroidism: Cold intolerance, weight gain, constipation, and delayed relaxation of deep tendon reflexes. Clinical features of Hyperthyroidism: Heat intolerance, weight loss (increased appetite), diarrhea, and hyperreflexia.

Flashcard 39: Phagocytosis of IgG-coated platelets in the spleen and systemic thrombosis are the two causes of thrombocytopenia in _____

Answer: HIT

Flashcard 40: Stevens-Johnson syndrome in patients taking carbamazepine or phenytoin is associated with HLA-_____, which is typically seen in those of Asian ancestry

Answer: B1502

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Toxic epidermal necrolysis/Stevens-Johnson syndrome This 6-month-old patient presents with toxic epidermal necrolysis, the severe form of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Smallpox vaccination can trigger toxic epidermal necrolysis. Stevens-Johnson syndrome following sulfonamide treatment Blistering of skin and epidermal detachment involving the conjunctiva are visible, resembling a superficial burn.