Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3541: Common clinical sources or risk factors associated with **Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)**?

Answer: Prolonged use of tampons, nasal packing, or surgical wound packing (e.g., gauze).

Extra: Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is primarily caused by *Staphylococcus aureus* (producing TSST-1) or *Streptococcus pyogenes* (Exotoxin A). These toxins act as superantigens, leading to massive cytokine release.

Flashcard 3542: Identify the heart sound finding at the pulmonic area (supine position, diaphragm) characterized by the absence of physiological splitting of the second heart sound (S2):

Answer: Single S2

Flashcard 3543: _____ can occur from leaving a wound packing in too long, or a tampon in too long

Answer: Toxic shock syndrome

Flashcard 3544: In a medical setting, severe hypoglycemia is treated with IV _____

Answer: glucose

Flashcard 3545: What is the likely cause of a murmur characterized by a mid-systolic click and a late systolic murmur?

Answer: mitral valve prolapse

Flashcard 3546: The most common site for systemic emboli to lodge is in the _____ extremities

Answer: lower

Flashcard 3547: Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is seen in newborns and children, as well as adults with _____ insufficiency

Answer: renal

Flashcard 3548: What is the treatment of Parvovirus B19 in the immuno-compromised?_____

Answer: IVIG and RBC transfusion (2)

Flashcard 3549: What acid-base disturbance is associated with the maintenance phase of acute tubular necrosis?_____

Answer: Metabolic acidosis

Flashcard 3550: What is the 2nd most common cause of dementia in the elderly? _____

Answer: Vascular dementia