Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3541: In the treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) prevents differentiation from being halted at the _____ stage

Answer: promyelocyte

Flashcard 3542: Which classes of steroid hormones are decreased in Addison disease?_____

Answer: All three (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens)

Flashcard 3543: Polyarteritis nodosa may present with _____ due to involvement of the renal artery

Answer: hypertension

Flashcard 3544: Common clinical sources or risk factors associated with **Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)**?

Answer: Prolonged use of tampons, nasal packing, or surgical wound packing (e.g., gauze).

Extra: Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is primarily caused by *Staphylococcus aureus* (producing TSST-1) or *Streptococcus pyogenes* (Exotoxin A). These toxins act as superantigens, leading to massive cytokine release.

Flashcard 3545: Identify the heart sound finding at the pulmonic area (supine position, diaphragm) characterized by the absence of physiological splitting of the second heart sound (S2):

Answer: Single S2

Flashcard 3546: _____ can occur from leaving a wound packing in too long, or a tampon in too long

Answer: Toxic shock syndrome

Flashcard 3547: What is the likely cause of a murmur characterized by a mid-systolic click and a late systolic murmur?

Answer: mitral valve prolapse

Flashcard 3548: The most common site for systemic emboli to lodge is in the _____ extremities

Answer: lower

Flashcard 3549: Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome is seen in newborns and children, as well as adults with _____ insufficiency

Answer: renal

Flashcard 3550: What is the treatment of Parvovirus B19 in the immuno-compromised?_____

Answer: IVIG and RBC transfusion (2)