Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3021: What effect does the rapid squatting maneuver have on the "click" onset time of MVP murmurs?_____

Answer: Later onset of click/murmur

Flashcard 3022: What are the two main areas that experience hyperpigmentation due to Addison disease? _____

Answer: Skin and mucus membranes

Flashcard 3023: Marfan syndrome is associated with a floppy _____ valve

Answer: mitral

Flashcard 3024: What is the most common cause of acute pericarditis?_____

Answer: Idiopathic (presumed viral)

Flashcard 3025: Cluster headaches are _____-lateral

Answer: uni

Flashcard 3026: What is the fractional excretion of Na+ (FENa) in early postrenal azotemia?

Answer: < 1%

Extra: In the early stages of postrenal azotemia (obstruction < 24 hours), the renal tubules remain functional. The increased pressure in the tubular system promotes sodium and water reabsorption, leading to a low FENa (< 1%) and high urine osmolality, mimicking a prerenal state. In late postrenal azotemia, tubular damage occurs, leading to an inability to concentrate urine and reabsorb sodium (FENa > 2%).

Flashcard 3027: Are migraines associated with photo- and phonophobia? _____

Answer: Yes

Flashcard 3028: Do tension headaches cause throbbing or constant pain?_____

Answer: Constant/steady pain

Flashcard 3029: Atelectasis (bronchial / bronchiole obstruction) presents with _____ breath sounds

Answer: decreased (increased or decreased)

Flashcard 3030: Which stage of syphilis does cardiovascular involvement occur?_____

Answer: Tertiary stage