Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3021: Compared to Bartter syndrome, Gitelman syndrome is more _____ (severity)

Answer: mild

Flashcard 3022: Disorders of fibrinolysis present with increased _____ (resembles DIC)

Answer: bleeding

Extra: Disorders of fibrinolysis (e.g., due to plasmin overactivity in cirrhosis or radical prostatectomy) resemble DIC because both feature increased PT/PTT and decreased fibrinogen levels leading to a bleeding diathesis. **Key differentiators for Primary Fibrinolysis (vs. DIC):** 1. **Normal platelet count** (DIC involves platelet consumption in microthrombi). 2. **Normal D-dimer** (D-dimers are a product of cross-linked fibrin clot breakdown; in primary fibrinolysis, plasmin cleaves fibrinogen directly without clot formation). 3. **Treatment:** Aminocaproic acid (blocks plasminogen activation).

Flashcard 3023: Which type of aphasia is characterized by the following? 1. Fluent speech 2. Impaired comprehension 3. Impaired repetition

Answer: Wernicke (receptive) aphasia

Flashcard 3024: Auscultation at the pulmonic area (supine, diaphragm) reveals an ejection systolic murmur, a single S2, and an ejection click. Identify the diagnosis.

Answer: Pulmonic Stenosis

Extra: Valvular pulmonic stenosis is characterized by an ejection click (which decreases with inspiration) and a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur. A 'single S2' occurs in severe cases when the pulmonic component (P2) is delayed and too soft to be audible.

Flashcard 3025: The intravascular hemolysis caused by paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria occurs episodically, often while _____

Answer: sleeping

Flashcard 3026: Which form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (IgG or IgM) is also known as warm agglutinin disease? _____

Answer: IgG

Flashcard 3027: Inspiration as a bedside maneuver may be used to increase the intensity of _____ heart sounds

Answer: right

Flashcard 3028: Which endocrine disorder presents with the physical features of Albright hereditary dystrophy but without the end-organ PTH resistance? _____

Answer: Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

Flashcard 3029: What are the two main areas that experience hyperpigmentation due to Addison disease? _____

Answer: Skin and mucus membranes

Flashcard 3030: What type of acidosis will a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis experience?_____

Answer: high anion gap metabolic acidosis