Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3021: The intravascular hemolysis caused by paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria occurs episodically, often while _____

Answer: sleeping

Flashcard 3022: Which form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (IgG or IgM) is also known as warm agglutinin disease? _____

Answer: IgG

Flashcard 3023: What is the fractional excretion of Na+ (FENa) in early postrenal azotemia?

Answer: < 1%

Extra: In the early stages of postrenal azotemia (obstruction < 24 hours), the renal tubules remain functional. The increased pressure in the tubular system promotes sodium and water reabsorption, leading to a low FENa (< 1%) and high urine osmolality, mimicking a prerenal state. In late postrenal azotemia, tubular damage occurs, leading to an inability to concentrate urine and reabsorb sodium (FENa > 2%).

Flashcard 3024: Inspiration as a bedside maneuver may be used to increase the intensity of _____ heart sounds

Answer: right

Flashcard 3025: Which endocrine disorder presents with the physical features of Albright hereditary dystrophy but without the end-organ PTH resistance? _____

Answer: Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism

Flashcard 3026: What type of acidosis will a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis experience?_____

Answer: high anion gap metabolic acidosis

Flashcard 3027: Sarcoidosis is associated with _____, which are skin lesions on the face resembling lupus

Answer: lupus pernio

Flashcard 3028: Marfan syndrome is associated with a floppy _____ valve

Answer: mitral

Flashcard 3029: What are the two main areas that experience hyperpigmentation due to Addison disease? _____

Answer: Skin and mucus membranes

Flashcard 3030: What effect does the rapid squatting maneuver have on the "click" onset time of MVP murmurs?_____

Answer: Later onset of click/murmur