Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3011: Cluster headaches are _____-lateral

Answer: uni

Flashcard 3012: _____ hyperparathyroidism is refractory (autonomous) hyperparathyroidism resulting from chronic renal disease

Answer: Tertiary

Flashcard 3013: What ABO type is the universal donor of RBCs?_____

Answer: Type O

Flashcard 3014: The intravascular hemolysis caused by paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria occurs episodically, often while _____

Answer: sleeping

Flashcard 3015: Which stage of Lyme disease can present with encephalopathy?_____

Answer: Stage 3

Flashcard 3016: What are the two main areas that experience hyperpigmentation due to Addison disease? _____

Answer: Skin and mucus membranes

Flashcard 3017: What is the fractional excretion of Na+ (FENa) in early postrenal azotemia?

Answer: < 1%

Extra: In the early stages of postrenal azotemia (obstruction < 24 hours), the renal tubules remain functional. The increased pressure in the tubular system promotes sodium and water reabsorption, leading to a low FENa (< 1%) and high urine osmolality, mimicking a prerenal state. In late postrenal azotemia, tubular damage occurs, leading to an inability to concentrate urine and reabsorb sodium (FENa > 2%).

Flashcard 3018: Foot drop results in a "_____ gait"

Answer: steppage

Flashcard 3019: What type of acidosis will a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis experience?_____

Answer: high anion gap metabolic acidosis

Flashcard 3020: Compared to Bartter syndrome, Gitelman syndrome is more _____ (severity)

Answer: mild