Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3011: Which skin disorder is associated with facial flushing in response to external stimuli (e.g. alcohol, heat)?_____

Answer: Rosacea

Flashcard 3012: _____ hyperparathyroidism is refractory (autonomous) hyperparathyroidism resulting from chronic renal disease

Answer: Tertiary

Flashcard 3013: Brown-Sequard syndrome presents with _____-lateral loss of vibration, proprioception, and touch below the level of the lesion (due to dorsal column damage)

Answer: ipsi

Flashcard 3014: Which movement disorder presents as sudden, wild flailing of 1 arm +/- the leg on the same side? _____

Answer: Hemiballismus

Flashcard 3015: Dermatomyositis may present with a '_____', which is darkening / thickening of fingertips + sides of fingers + palm sides result in irregular, 'dirty' appearing marks

Answer: Mechanic's hands

Flashcard 3016: Bronchiectasis may cause digital _____

Answer: clubbing

Flashcard 3017: Compared to Bartter syndrome, Gitelman syndrome is more _____ (severity)

Answer: mild

Flashcard 3018: Disorders of fibrinolysis present with increased _____ (resembles DIC)

Answer: bleeding

Extra: Disorders of fibrinolysis (e.g., due to plasmin overactivity in cirrhosis or radical prostatectomy) resemble DIC because both feature increased PT/PTT and decreased fibrinogen levels leading to a bleeding diathesis. **Key differentiators for Primary Fibrinolysis (vs. DIC):** 1. **Normal platelet count** (DIC involves platelet consumption in microthrombi). 2. **Normal D-dimer** (D-dimers are a product of cross-linked fibrin clot breakdown; in primary fibrinolysis, plasmin cleaves fibrinogen directly without clot formation). 3. **Treatment:** Aminocaproic acid (blocks plasminogen activation).

Flashcard 3019: Which type of aphasia is characterized by the following? 1. Fluent speech 2. Impaired comprehension 3. Impaired repetition

Answer: Wernicke (receptive) aphasia

Flashcard 3020: Auscultation at the pulmonic area (supine, diaphragm) reveals an ejection systolic murmur, a single S2, and an ejection click. Identify the diagnosis.

Answer: Pulmonic Stenosis

Extra: Valvular pulmonic stenosis is characterized by an ejection click (which decreases with inspiration) and a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur. A 'single S2' occurs in severe cases when the pulmonic component (P2) is delayed and too soft to be audible.