Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 2771: Which cranial nerve lesion presents with difficulty walking downstairs? _____

Answer: CN IV (trochlear)

Flashcard 2772: Which lysosomal storage disease may present with progressive renal failure and cardiovascular disease?_____

Answer: Fabry disease (late)

Flashcard 2773: In a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome, will repair of the precipitating cardiac defect prevent pulmonary vascular sclerosis from becoming irreversible?

Answer: No

Extra: By the time Eisenmenger syndrome develops, the pulmonary vascular disease (sclerosis) is already irreversible. At this stage, surgical repair of the underlying cardiac defect is contraindicated because the right-to-left shunt serves as a "pressure release valve" for the high pulmonary pressures; closing it would lead to acute right heart failure.

Flashcard 2774: _____ splitting is a delayed pulmonic sound, regardless of inspiration

Answer: Fixed

Flashcard 2775: How does cardiac output change during cardiogenic and obstructive shock?_____

Answer: Severely decreased

Flashcard 2776: Describe the characteristic murmur and S2 findings heard at the pulmonic area in a patient with an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD).

Answer: Ejection systolic murmur and a wide, fixed split S2

Extra: The ejection systolic murmur is due to increased blood flow across the pulmonic valve. The fixed splitting of S2 is a hallmark of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD); it occurs because the left-to-right shunt maintains a constant increased volume in the right ventricle, delaying pulmonic valve closure (P2) regardless of the respiratory cycle.

Flashcard 2777: Which antibody is sensitive for drug-induced lupus? _____

Answer: Anti-histone antibodies

Flashcard 2778: Does type IIa familial dyslipidemia cause an increased risk for atherosclerosis? _____

Answer: Yes, accelerated atherosclerosis may cause MI before age 20

Flashcard 2779: _____ pneumonia presents with relatively mild upper respiratory symptoms

Answer: Interstitial (atypical)

Flashcard 2780: Does Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia present with lytic bone lesions? _____

Answer: No