Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 2301: What blunt chest trauma complication presents with a triad of hypotension, distended neck veins, and distant heart sounds? _____

Answer: Cardiac tamponade ("Beck's triad")

Flashcard 2302: Small cell carcinoma is primarily treated with _____

Answer: chemotherapy

Flashcard 2303: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with elevated BUN and creatinine (< 20:1 ratio) after an episode of hypovolemic shock? There are pigmented granular casts and renal tubular epithelial cells on microscopy. _____

Answer: Acute tubular necrosis

Extra: - prolonged hypotension → ischemia and necrosis. - characterized by muddy brown casts [due to epithelial cell sloughing off into urine] - distinguishing features from pre-renal AKI include BUN:creatinine ratio < 20:1, urine Na+ > 20 mEq/L, and FeNA > 2% [can't suck Na back in]

Flashcard 2304: What are the risk factors for mesenteric ischemia? (3) _____

Answer: Atherosclerosis Embolic source Hypercoagulable disorders

Flashcard 2305: <3 lifetime doses of the tetanus vaccine and dirty wound is managed with _____

Answer: Tdap and TIG (tetanus immune globulin)

Extra: Tetanus prophylaxis guidelines: - **Clean wound**: Tdap/Td if <3 doses or ≥10 years since last dose. - **Dirty wound**: Tdap/Td if <3 doses or ≥5 years since last dose. Add TIG if <3 doses or unknown.

Flashcard 2306: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient on a ventilator who develops hypotension, tachycardia, and unilateral absence of breath sounds? _____

Answer: Tension pneumothorax

Extra: The clinical presentation of hypotension, tachycardia, and unilateral absence of breath sounds in a patient on positive pressure ventilation is diagnostic of a tension pneumothorax. Mechanism: - Positive pressure ventilation forces air into the pleural space. - Increased intrapleural pressure causes mediastinal shift. - Compression of the SVC/IVC leads to decreased venous return, decreased right ventricular filling, and subsequent obstructive shock (hypotension/tachycardia).

Flashcard 2307: MEN 2A and 2B are associated with _____

Answer: medullary thyroid carcinoma

Flashcard 2308: Which form of polycythemia is associated with dehydration and burns? _____

Answer: Relative polycythemia (hemoconcentration)

Flashcard 2309: Anticardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant, and anti-β2 glycoprotein are seen in _____

Answer: antiphospholipid syndrome

Flashcard 2310: What to keep in mind before adding new asthma medications? _____

Answer: Make sure they're using inhalers properly and w/ proper adherence; use spacers if need be