Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1591: Vasospastic angina = _____

Answer: transient ST elevation

Flashcard 1592: What is the likely diagnosis in an older patient with significant smoking history that presents with hypercalcemia and low PTH? _____

Answer: Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy

Flashcard 1593: Who should receive Pertussis post-exposure prophylaxis? _____

Answer: Everyone -- household and close contacts of infected people regardless of immunization status

Flashcard 1594: What is the recommended treatment to reduce risk of stent thrombosis following drug-eluting stent placement? _____

Answer: Dual antiplatelet therapy for at least 12 months

Extra: Recommended DAPT duration: - Post-ACS (regardless of stent type): 12 months - Stable Ischemic Heart Disease (SIHD): - BMS: 1 month - DES: 6 months (though 12 months is often still tested as the standard)

Flashcard 1595: Patient presents with a blowing diastolic heart murmur with bounding pulses, widened pulse pressure, head bobbing, and eponym parade = _____ [sound:44 SO - Aortic Regurgitation.mp3]

Answer: aortic regurgitation

Flashcard 1596: The osmolarity of urine in patients with prerenal azotemia will be _____

Answer: high

Flashcard 1597: What is the next best step in the evaluation of a palpable breast mass in a patient < 30 years of age? _____

Answer: Ultrasound

Extra: In women < 30, breast tissue is often dense, making mammography less sensitive and ultrasound the preferred initial test. **Initial imaging for palpable breast mass:** - **< 30 years**: Ultrasound - **≥ 30 years**: Mammography (+/- Ultrasound)

Flashcard 1598: Annual screening for lung cancer with low-dose CT in adults ages _____ to _____ years who have a(n) 20 pack-year smoking history and currently smoke or have quit within the past 15 years

Answer: 50

Flashcard 1599: Severe COPD may present with pulmonary _____, characterized by loss of lean muscle mass due to energy imbalance and systemic inflammation.

Answer: cachexia

Flashcard 1600: Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by _____ during sleep

Answer: intermittent obstruction of the air flow

Extra: Obstructive sleep apnea typically occurs at the level of the oropharynx. Each apneic period usually lasts 20 to 30 seconds and results in hypoxia, which arouses the patient from sleep. This occurs multiple times overnight.