Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1281: What phenomenon is defined as a fall in systolic blood pressure > 10 mmHg during inspiration? _____

Answer: Pulsus paradoxus

Flashcard 1282: What is the next step in management for a patient with a "likely" probability of DVT (modified Wells score ≥ 2)?\n_____

Answer: Compression ultrasonography

Extra: D-dimer is used to rule out DVT in patients with an unlikely pretest probability (Wells < 2). If the D-dimer is positive or the pretest probability is likely (Wells ≥ 2), compression ultrasonography is the preferred initial test.

Flashcard 1283: What is the recommended management for symptomatic acute bronchitis? _____

Answer: NSAIDs, bronchodilators (symptomatic treatment)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1284: Nephrotic syndrome and SLE is suggestive of _____

Answer: membranous nephropathy

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1285: Low voltage ECG and electrical alternans is suggestive of _____

Answer: pericardial effusion (cardiac tamponade)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki diagnosis of pericardial effusion can be more definitely made using echocardiogram, showing an anechoic dark space surrounding the heart (the effusion) 

Flashcard 1286: What is the likely diagnosis in a young patient with hypertension that develops severe hypokalemia after beginning a low-dose thiazide diuretic (e.g. muscle weakness, leg cramps)? _____

Answer: Primary hyperaldosteronism

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki  

Flashcard 1287: In addition to thiazides, calcium oxalate kidney stones may be treated with _____ supplementation and a low-sodium diet

Answer: citrate

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/kidney-stones/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 1288: Who should get a Tdap vaccine and how often?\n_____

Answer: All adults, every 10 years

Extra: Adults should receive a Tdap dose once (if not previously received), followed by a Td or Tdap booster every 10 years. Pregnant women should receive Tdap during each pregnancy (ideally 27–36 weeks gestation).

Flashcard 1289: _____ conjunctivitis is characterized by itchy sensation

Answer: Allergic

Extra: Allergic conjunctivitis is classically characterized by intense itching (pruritus), which distinguishes it from viral or bacterial conjunctivitis.

Flashcard 1290: Presenilin-1 / presenilin-2 mutations lead to _____ Apo-E4 mutations lead to _____

Answer: Alzheimer disease (early onset)

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki