Anticancer Drugs — Flashcards

Flashcard 91: _____ is a small-molecule inhibitor of BCL-2

Answer: Venetoclax

Flashcard 92: Cladribine is activated primarily in _____, and works by inhibiting DNA polymerase and ribonucleotide reductase.

Answer: lymphocytes

Extra: Cladribine is a purine analog used in the treatment of Hairy Cell Leukemia. Key points: 1. **Activation**: It is phosphorylated by deoxycytidine kinase to its active form (2-CdATP). This occurs primarily in lymphocytes due to their high kinase/nucleotidase ratio. 2. **Mechanism**: It inhibits **DNA polymerase** and **ribonucleotide reductase**, and causes DNA strand breaks. 3. **ADA Relationship**: Cladribine is notably **resistant** to degradation by Adenosine Deaminase (ADA), which allows it to accumulate in cells. *Note: **Pentostatin** is the drug that works by inhibiting ADA.*

Flashcard 93: _____ and olaparib are PARP inhibitors approved for the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer.

Answer: Rucaparib

Flashcard 94: Etoposide and teniposide can result in _____-suppression and immuno-suppression

Answer: myelo

Flashcard 95: Which two solid tumors specifically can etoposide and teniposide (topoisomerase II inhibitors) be used to treat?_____, Small cell lung carcinoma

Answer: Testicular carcinoma

Flashcard 96: The main acute side effect of Tisagenlecleucel is _____ while a potential long term risk is the potential for insertional mutagenesis

Answer: Cytokine Release Syndrome

Flashcard 97: Because sorafenib targets VEGF, areas that are highly vascularized will be affected such as the _____ and the kidney

Answer: skin

Flashcard 98: Which chemotherapeutic drugs are associated with hemorrhagic cystitis with acrolein in urine?_____

Answer: Cyclophosphamide

Flashcard 99: _____ intercalate into DNA, inhibiting Topoisomerase II and inducing eviction of histones.

Answer: Anthracyclines

Flashcard 100: Acute promyelocytic leukemia is treated with _____, a vitamin A derivative, as well as arsenic

Answer: all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)