Signal Transduction — Flashcards

PTCH1 is a membrane receptor and a _____ regulator of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.

Hint: positive/negative

Vibrio cholerae produces _____ toxin, which ADP-ribosylates and activates Gs resulting in a(n) increase in cAMP in epithelial cells

The Cell Cycle is regulated by Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs) which when _____ allow cells to bypass restriction points (checkpoints)

The insulin receptor is a tetramer consisting of two _____ subunits and two beta subunits

TGF-β is a growth factor that mediates _____ and angiogenesis. It inhibits inflammation

In the **liver**, _____ stimulates glycogen phosphorylase via **α1** receptors; in the **muscle**, it acts via **β2** receptors.

Elevated levels of hCG (e.g. choriocarcinoma) may cause _____ (males) or hyperthyroidism due to homology between hCG and TSH, FSH, and LH

Cytokines such as _____ and prolactin hormone also acts by JAK STAT pathway.

Which caspase binds to Cyt c and APAF-1 complex?_____

In termination phase of hepatocyte regeneration, hepatocytes return to quiescence with the involvement of antiproliferative factors like _____