Signal Transduction — Flashcards

_____ often presents with increased levels of urinary cAMP due to the activation of Gs proteins when PTH binds its receptor

Where are estrogen receptors expressed (cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus)? _____

In the first step of the adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase C mechanism of signaling, binding of hormone to its receptor causes release of _____ from its subunit (s, i, or aq) and replacement by GTP

The most important of the somatomedins is _____, also known as IGF-1

_____ of the insulin receptor allows binding of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1)

In the adenylyl cyclase mechanism of cellular signaling, the _____ complex activates adenylyl cyclase, which then catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP

_____ activates guanylyl cyclase in the gut, thereby increasing cGMP secretion

Hint: Heat labile or Heat stable toxin

In the phospholipase C mechanism of cellular signaling, the _____ complex activates phospholipase C, which then catalyzes the liberation of DAG and IP3 from PIP2

Protein kinase G activates the enzyme _____, which dephosphorylates myosin light chain causing smooth muscle relaxation

Once nitric oxide diffuses into muscle cells, it activates soluble (cytosolic) guanylyl cyclase, which converts _____ to cGMP