Metabolic Integration — Flashcards

Effect of diabetes on hepatic glycolysis: no answer _____ - No PFK-2 due to lack of insulin - No glucose trapping in liver leads to elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia)

_____ deficiency causes a buildup of pyruvate that gets shunted to lactate (via LDH) and alanine (via ALT)

Thyroid hormone increases the processes of _____, gluconeogenesis, proteolysis, and lipolysis, all of which may provide sources of ATP

Increased NADH/NAD+ (e.g. due to ethanol) causes increased conversion of _____ -> malate, thus preventing gluconeogenesis

Glucagon acts on the _____ (primarily) and adipose tissue

Glucagon causes _____ fatty acid synthesis and increased lipolysis, which shunts substrates towards gluconeogenesis

Decreased cortisol production in congenital adrenal hyperplasia may cause life-threatening _____ due to decreased alpha1-adrenergic receptors

Increased glucagon (fasting) leads to increased cAMP and protein kinase A, thus _____ activity of FBPase-2 and decreasing activity of PFK-2

Ethanol metabolism increases the ratio of _____:NAD+ in the liver

After three days of starvation, the main source of energy for the brain becomes _____ from adipose stores