Metabolic Regulation: Hormonal Control — Flashcards

Which metabolic pathways require an obligate activator? 1. _____2. Urea cycle

The number of insulin receptors is _____ in starvation and decreased in obesity

_____ reactions are chemical reactions that form intermediates of a metabolic pathway.

Glucagon causes _____ fatty acid synthesis and increased lipolysis, which shunts substrates towards gluconeogenesis

Effect of diabetes on hepatic glycolysis: _____ - Lack of PFK-2 activity due to low insulin - Impaired glucose trapping (reduced glucokinase) in the liver leads to hyperglycemia

Increased NADH/NAD+ (e.g. due to ethanol) causes increased conversion of _____ -> malate, thus preventing gluconeogenesis

Glucagon acts on the _____ (primarily) and adipose tissue

_____ deficiency causes a buildup of pyruvate that gets shunted to lactate (via LDH) and alanine (via ALT)

Thyroid hormone increases the processes of _____, gluconeogenesis, proteolysis, and lipolysis, all of which may provide sources of ATP