Brain Metabolism and Ketone Bodies — Flashcards

Which metabolic pathways require an obligate activator? 1. _____2. Urea cycle

RBCs and the _____ cannot utilize ketone bodies.

After three days of starvation, the main source of energy for the brain becomes _____ from adipose stores

Increased NADH/NAD+ (e.g. due to ethanol) causes decreased TCA activity, thus increasing utilization of acetyl-CoA for _____ and lipogenesis

_____ deficiency causes a buildup of pyruvate that gets shunted to lactate (via LDH) and alanine (via ALT)

Effect of diabetes on hepatic glycolysis: _____ - Lack of PFK-2 activity due to low insulin - Impaired glucose trapping (reduced glucokinase) in the liver leads to hyperglycemia

Thyroid hormone increases the processes of _____, gluconeogenesis, proteolysis, and lipolysis, all of which may provide sources of ATP

Glucagon acts on the _____ (primarily) and adipose tissue

Glucagon causes _____ fatty acid synthesis and increased lipolysis, which shunts substrates towards gluconeogenesis