NEET-PG 2015 - Ophthalmology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Cataract is caused by all except:

MRI. ***MRI*** - Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) uses powerful **magnetic fields** and radio waves to generate images, which are not known to cause cataracts. - The energy used in MRI is **non-ionizing** and does not directly damage lens proteins. *Ultraviolet radiation* - Prolonged exposure to **UV-B radiation** is a significant risk factor for the development of various types of cataracts, especially cortical and posterior subcapsular cataracts. - UV radiation can cause oxidative damage to lens proteins and lipids, leading to their aggregation and opacification. *Infrared radiation* - Chronic exposure to high levels of **infrared (IR) radiation**, such as that experienced by glassblowers or steelworkers, can lead to "glassblower's cataract" or "heat cataract." - IR radiation causes thermal damage to the lens, particularly the anterior capsule and subcapsular region. *Microwave radiation* - High-intensity **microwave radiation** has been implicated in the formation of cataracts, particularly in occupational exposure scenarios. - It causes thermal effects within the lens due to absorption of energy, leading to protein denaturation and opacification. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Large, white keratic precipitates (mutton-fat KPs) are characteristically seen in?

Granulomatous uveitis. ***Granulomatous uveitis*** - **Mutton-fat keratic precipitates (KPs)** are large, greasy-appearing white deposits on the corneal endothelium, characteristic of **granulomatous inflammation**. - These KPs are composed of macrophages and epithelioid cells, reflecting a **chronic, cell-mediated immune response** seen in granulomatous conditions. *Hemorrhagic uveitis* - This condition involves significant **intraocular bleeding**, which would manifest as hyphema or vitreous hemorrhage, not mutton-fat KPs. - While inflammation may be present, the defining feature is blood, which obscures vision differently than KPs. *Old healed uveitis* - After uveitis heals, KP morphology can change, often appearing smaller, more pigmented, or forming distinct patterns such as **Arlt's triangle**, but not typically actively large, white mutton-fat KPs. - Healed KPs often reflect a less active or resolved inflammatory process, unlike fresh mutton-fat KPs. *Acute anterior uveitis* - This typically presents with smaller, finer, and more numerous **non-granulomatous KPs** (sometimes called "stellate KPs"), in contrast to the large, greasy mutton-fat KPs. - The inflammation is usually acute and less focally organized compared to granulomatous forms. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Strabismic amblyopia is more common in patients with:

Constant strabismus. **Constant Strabismus** - In **constant strabismus**, one eye is always deviated, leading to **continuous suppression** of the image from the deviated eye by the brain. - This consistent suppression prevents proper visual development in the deviated eye, resulting in **amblyopia**. *Alternating strabismus* - In **alternating strabismus**, the deviation switches between the two eyes, allowing each eye to take turns fixing. - This alternation helps maintain relatively good visual acuity in both eyes, making **amblyopia less common** or severe. *Latent strabismus* - **Latent strabismus** (phoria) is a deviation that is only present when binocular fusion is disrupted (e.g., when one eye is covered). - Since fusion is typically maintained in daily vision, there is **no constant suppression** of one eye, and amblyopia is rare. *Intermittent strabismus* - **Intermittent strabismus** involves periods of deviation alternating with periods of straight eye alignment, often varying with fatigue or visual tasks. - While it can lead to amblyopia, it is **less common and severe** than with constant strabismus because there are periods when the visual input from both eyes is utilized. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What term describes a condition where the axial length of the eye does not match its refractive power?

Axial Ametropia. ***Axial Ametropia*** - This term precisely describes a refractive error where the **axial length** of the eye is either too long or too short relative to its **optical power**, leading to images focusing in front of or behind the retina. - Examples include **myopia** (eye too long) and **hyperopia** (eye too short), which are fundamentally caused by a mismatch in axial length. *Anisokonia* - This condition refers to a significant difference in the **perceived size of images** between the two eyes, often due to unequal refractive errors between the eyes. - It does not directly describe the mismatch between axial length and refractive power itself, but rather a perceptual consequence that can result from asymmetric refractive errors. *Curvature ametropia* - This type of ametropia occurs when the **curvature** of the cornea or lens is abnormal, causing light rays to converge incorrectly. - While it's a form of refractive error, it specifically relates to the curvature of refractive surfaces, not the overall **axial length** of the eyeball. *Emmetropia* - This is the state of having **perfect vision**, where the refractive power of the eye correctly matches its axial length, allowing light to focus precisely on the retina without accommodation. - It describes the absence of refractive error, which is the opposite of the condition described in the question. [Practice more Ophthalmology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Cataract is caused by all except:

Accepted Answer

MRI

Answer

Ultraviolet radiation

Answer

Infrared radiation

Answer

Microwave radiation

Question 2

What is a reverse hypopyon?

Accepted Answer

Collection of emulsified silicone oil in the anterior chamber

Answer

Collection of pus in the vitreous

Answer

Abscess in the orbit

Answer

Seen in corneal ulcer close to being ruptured

Question 3

Large, white keratic precipitates (mutton-fat KPs) are characteristically seen in?

Accepted Answer

Granulomatous uveitis

Answer

Hemorrhagic uveitis

Answer

Old healed uveitis

Answer

Acute anterior uveitis

Question 4

Strabismic amblyopia is more common in patients with:

Accepted Answer

Constant strabismus

Answer

Alternating strabismus

Answer

Latent strabismus

Answer

Intermittent strabismus

Question 5

What term describes a condition where the axial length of the eye does not match its refractive power?

Accepted Answer

Axial Ametropia

Answer

Anisokonia

Answer

Emmetropia

Answer

Curvature ametropia

Question 6

In a case of myopia, LASIK can correct up to how many diopters?

Accepted Answer

-12D

Answer

-4D

Answer

-20D

Answer

-6D

Question 7

What is regular astigmatism?

Accepted Answer

Astigmatism where the principal meridians are at a 90-degree angle to each other

Answer

Astigmatism in which the principal meridians are parallel

Answer

Asymptomatic astigmatism

Answer

Astigmatism as a result of cataract surgery

Question 8

Which of the following statements about pterygium is false?

Accepted Answer

Arise from any part of conjunctiva

Answer

Can cause astigmatism

Answer

Surgery is treatment of choice

Answer

UV exposure is risk factor

Question 9

Silk retina is seen in ?

Accepted Answer

Retinal detachment

Answer

Diabetic retinopathy

Answer

Macular degeneration

Answer

Hypertensive retinopathy

Question 10

Astigmatism is defined as?

Accepted Answer

Refractive error wherein refraction varies along different meridians

Answer

Refractive error due to long AP length of eyeball

Answer

Varying refractive error in both eyes

Answer

Varying shape perception by both eyes

NEET-PG 2015 — Ophthalmology