NEET-PG 2013 Practice Questions

Q: Which muscle originates from tendon of other muscle?

Lumbricals. Lumbricals - The lumbrical muscles are unique in the hand because they originate from the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), not from bone [1]. - This attachment allows them to flex the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints while extending the interphalangeal (IP) joints [1]. FCR - The flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, a bony origin. - Its primary function is flexion and radial deviation of the wrist. Adductor pollicis - The adductor pollicis muscle has two heads, the oblique and transverse heads, both originating from various carpal bones and the third metacarpal. - It plays a crucial role in adducting the thumb. Palmaris longus - The palmaris longus muscle originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, similar to the FCR. - It contributes to wrist flexion and is absent in a significant portion of the population.

Q: A patient sustained an injury to the right leg in a road traffic accident and his leg was amputated. This is?

Impairment. ***Impairment*** - An **impairment** refers to a problem in body function or structure, such as the loss of a limb or organ. - The amputation of the leg is a direct loss of a **body part**, fitting the definition of an impairment. *Handicap* - A **handicap** refers to a disadvantage for an individual, resulting from an impairment or disability, that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal for that individual. - It describes the **social consequences** of the impairment, not the physical loss itself. *Disease* - A **disease** is a disorder of structure or function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury. - While the accident caused the injury, the loss of the leg is a direct physical result, not an **ongoing pathological process** like a disease. *Disability* - A **disability** is a restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being, as a result of an impairment. - It describes the **functional limitation** that arises from the impairment, such as difficulty walking, rather than the physical loss itself.

Q: One PHC covers how much population in hilly area?

20000. ***20000*** - In **hilly, tribal, or difficult areas**, one PHC is generally established for a population of **20,000**. - This lower population coverage is due to challenges in accessibility and the dispersed nature of communities in such regions. - As per **Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS)**, PHCs in difficult terrains serve smaller populations to ensure better healthcare access. *50000* - This figure does not correspond to standard PHC or CHC coverage norms. - A **Community Health Centre (CHC)** typically covers a population of **1,20,000** and serves as a referral unit for four PHCs. - CHCs provide specialist services including surgery, obstetrics & gynecology, pediatrics, and medicine. *10000* - This figure does not match the population coverage of any standard health facility under the Indian health system. - A **Sub-Centre** in hilly/tribal/difficult areas covers approximately **3,000 population**, while in plain areas it covers **5,000 population**. - Sub-Centres are the most peripheral contact point between the primary healthcare system and the community. *30000* - This figure represents the population covered by a Primary Health Centre (PHC) in **plain areas**. - The population coverage is higher in plain areas due to better infrastructure, road connectivity, and accessibility compared to hilly regions. - As per IPHS norms, PHCs in plains serve larger populations than those in difficult terrains.

Q: Professional death in medical profession is -

Removal of name of doctor from panel of RMP. ***Removal of name of doctor from panel of RMP*** - **Professional death** in the medical context refers to the permanent revocation of a doctor's license to practice. - This typically occurs when a physician's name is removed from the **Register of Medical Practitioners (RMP)**, making it illegal for them to practice medicine. *Death sentence ordered by judge* - This is a legal punishment for severe crimes and does not relate to the **professional standing** or *licensure* of a physician. - A death sentence is a judicial outcome for criminal offenses, distinct from *professional misconduct*. *Death during police firing* - This describes a cause of actual physical death and is unrelated to a doctor's **professional status** or ability to practice. - While tragic, it has no bearing on a physician's *professional licensure* or *ethical standing*. *Death of doctor* - This refers to the **biological death** of an individual, which naturally ends their professional career. - However, "professional death" specifically denotes the **loss of professional credentials** while still being alive, due to disciplinary action.

Q: Muller's manoeuvre is used to

To find degree of obstruction in sleep disordered breathing. ***To find degree of obstruction in sleep disordered breathing*** - **Muller's manoeuvre** is a diagnostic technique where the patient attempts to inspire forcefully against a **closed mouth and nostrils** while an endoscope observes the upper airway. - This maneuver helps to simulate the negative intraluminal pressure that occurs during sleep, making it useful in identifying the **site and severity of airway obstruction** in patients with sleep-disordered breathing. *To remove foreign body from ear* - Removing foreign bodies from the ear typically involves **irrigation**, specialized instruments (e.g., alligator forceps), or suction, not a breathing maneuver. - This option is unrelated to the physiological assessment of airway obstruction. *To remove laryngeal foreign body* - The primary methods for removing laryngeal foreign bodies are the **Heimlich maneuver** (abdominal thrusts) or direct laryngoscopy and removal. - Muller's manoeuvre is a diagnostic procedure, not a therapeutic one for foreign body extraction. *To find out opening of mouth* - Measuring the **opening of the mouth** is typically done with a ruler or specific instruments to assess jaw mobility (e.g., for temporomandibular joint disorders or trismus). - This is a simple measurement and does not involve the complex physiological assessment of the upper airway that Muller's manoeuvre provides.

Q: Which of the following is caused by congenital 17 hydroxylase deficiency:

Hypertension. ***Hypertension*** - **Congenital 17-hydroxylase deficiency** leads to impaired synthesis of **cortisol** and **sex steroids**, resulting in an accumulation of **mineralocorticoid precursors (corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone)** [1]. - Increased levels of these mineralocorticoids cause **sodium and water retention**, leading to **hypertension** and **hypokalemia**. *Virilism* - **17-hydroxylase deficiency** impairs **androgen synthesis**, preventing the development of male secondary sexual characteristics [2]. - Individuals with this deficiency often present with **female external genitalia** regardless of their genetic sex, or **under-virilization** in genetic males, not virilism [2]. *Hyperkalemia* - The excess mineralocorticoids (deoxycorticosterone) in **17-hydroxylase deficiency** promote **sodium reabsorption** and **potassium excretion** in the kidneys [1]. - This leads to **hypokalemia**, which is the opposite of hyperkalemia. *Hermaphroditism* - **17-hydroxylase deficiency** affects the development of gonads and internal reproductive organs depending on genetic sex. - Genetic males (**XY**) with this deficiency typically develop **female external genitalia** (pseudohermaphroditism or 46, XY DSD), while genetic females (**XX**) typically present as normal females but with **primary amenorrhea** [2]. This genetic condition does not result in true hermaphroditism (presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue) [2].

Q: Which nerve block is given in forceps delivery?

Pudendal. ***Pudendal*** - A **pudendal block** anesthetizes the **perineum, vulva, and lower vagina**, providing pain relief for instrumental deliveries like **forceps delivery** and for episiotomy. - It involves injecting a local anesthetic near the **pudendal nerve** as it passes posterior to the **ischial spine**. *Posterior femoral* - The **posterior femoral cutaneous nerve** primarily innervates the skin of the posterior thigh and part of the perineum but does not provide sufficient deep analgesia for a forceps delivery. - Blocking this nerve alone would not adequately cover the extensive area affected during instrumental delivery. *Genitofemoral* - The **genitofemoral nerve** primarily innervates the skin of the upper medial thigh and parts of the genitalia but is not the primary nerve for pain relief during vaginal delivery procedures. - Its blockade would not provide the comprehensive analgesia needed for a forceps delivery. *Ilio inguinal* - The **ilioinguinal nerve** innervates the skin of the groin, mons pubis, and labia majora but does not provide sufficient anesthesia for the deeper structures involved in a forceps delivery. - An ilioinguinal nerve block is more commonly used for pain control in procedures involving the groin or hernia repair, not for instrumental vaginal delivery.

Q: Most common cause of ptosis in adults

Aponeurotic. ***Aponeurotic*** - **Aponeurotic ptosis** is the most common cause of adult-onset ptosis, resulting from a dehiscence, disinsertion, or stretching of the **levator aponeurosis**. - It typically presents as a gradual onset of ptosis and often occurs bilaterally, though one eye may be more affected. *Idiopathic* - While many cases may initially be labeled idiopathic, a specific cause, such as **aponeurotic changes**, is often identified upon closer examination. - This term is a general descriptor and not a specific pathophysiological mechanism. *Myasthenia gravis* - **Myasthenia gravis** can cause fluctuating ptosis that worsens with fatigue, but it is not the most common cause overall. - It is an **autoimmune neuromuscular junction disorder** characterized by weakness in various skeletal muscles. *Paralysis of 3rd nerve* - **Third nerve palsy** causes ptosis along with other signs like an **out-and-down eye deviation** and a **dilated pupil** (if parasympathetic fibers are involved). - While it causes significant ptosis, it is less common than aponeurotic ptosis and presents with a distinct constellation of symptoms.

Q: All are ophthalmological emergencies except -

CRVO. ***CRVO*** - Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) is characterized by painless **vision loss** due to retinal hemorrhage and edema, but it is generally *not* considered an immediate, vision-threatening emergency in the same vein as the other options. - While it requires prompt evaluation and management to preserve vision, CRVO allows for a less urgent intervention compared to conditions that can lead to permanent vision loss within hours. *Endophthalmitis* - **Endophthalmitis** is a severe inflammation of the intraocular fluids and tissues, typically caused by infection, and can lead to rapid and irreversible vision loss if not treated urgently. - It presents with pain, redness, reduced vision, and hypopyon (pus in the anterior chamber), necessitating immediate antibiotic treatment and surgical intervention. *Acute congestive glaucoma* - **Acute congestive glaucoma** (acute angle-closure glaucoma) involves a sudden increase in intraocular pressure, causing severe pain, redness, corneal edema, and profound vision loss. - If left untreated, the high pressure can cause irreversible damage to the optic nerve within hours, making it a true ocular emergency. *CRAO* - **Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)** is a sudden, painless loss of vision in one eye due to blockage of the central retinal artery, leading to retinal ischemia. - It is an ocular emergency because irreversible retinal damage and vision loss can occur within 90-120 minutes of the occlusion, requiring immediate intervention to restore blood flow.

Q: Most common type of intellectual disability –

Mild. ***Mild*** - **Mild intellectual disability** is the most prevalent type, accounting for approximately **85%** of all cases. - Individuals with mild intellectual disability can often achieve academic skills up to a **sixth-grade level** and live relatively independently with appropriate support. *Severe* - **Severe intellectual disability** is less common, affecting about **3-4%** of individuals with intellectual disability. - These individuals typically require **daily supervision** and support in structured environments. *Profound* - **Profound intellectual disability** is the least common type, affecting only **1-2%** of individuals with intellectual disability. - Individuals with profound intellectual disability require **intensive support** for all aspects of daily living and often have significant physical impairments. *Moderate* - **Moderate intellectual disability** accounts for about **10%** of all cases. - Individuals with moderate intellectual disability can often develop communication skills and manage basic self-care, but require **ongoing supervision** and support.

Question 1

Which muscle originates from tendon of other muscle?

Accepted Answer

Lumbricals

Answer

FCR

Answer

Adductor pollicis

Answer

Palmaris longus

Question 2

A patient sustained an injury to the right leg in a road traffic accident and his leg was amputated. This is?

Accepted Answer

Impairment

Answer

Handicap

Answer

Disease

Answer

Disability

Question 3

One PHC covers how much population in hilly area?

Accepted Answer

20000

Answer

50000

Answer

10000

Answer

30000

Question 4

Professional death in medical profession is -

Accepted Answer

Removal of name of doctor from panel of RMP

Answer

Death sentence ordered by judge

Answer

Death during police firing

Answer

Death of doctor

Question 5

Muller's manoeuvre is used to

Accepted Answer

To find degree of obstruction in sleep disordered breathing

Answer

To remove foreign body from ear

Answer

To remove laryngeal foreign body

Answer

To find out opening of mouth

Question 6

Which of the following is caused by congenital 17 hydroxylase deficiency:

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Virilism

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hermaphroditism

Question 7

Which nerve block is given in forceps delivery?

Accepted Answer

Pudendal

Answer

Posterior femoral

Answer

Genitofemoral

Answer

Ilioinguinal

Question 8

Most common cause of ptosis in adults

Accepted Answer

Aponeurotic

Answer

Idiopathic

Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Answer

Paralysis of 3rd nerve

Question 9

All are ophthalmological emergencies except -

Accepted Answer

CRVO

Answer

Endophthalmitis

Answer

Acute congestive glaucoma

Answer

CRAO

Question 10

Most common type of intellectual disability –

Accepted Answer

Mild

Answer

Severe

Answer

Profound

Answer

Moderate

NEET-PG 2013

Anatomy

Community Medicine

Forensic Medicine

Internal Medicine

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Ophthalmology

Psychiatry