NEET-PG 2013 - Dermatology PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Acrodermatitis enteropathica is associated with a deficiency of which of the following?

Zinc. ***Zinc*** - Acrodermatitis enteropathica is a rare, inherited metabolic disorder characterized by a **deficiency in zinc absorption** or utilization. - Clinical manifestations include a characteristic **periorificial and acral dermatitis**, alopecia, and diarrhea, all of which respond dramatically to zinc supplementation. *Manganese* - Manganese is a trace element essential for various enzyme functions, but its deficiency does not cause acrodermatitis enteropathica. - Deficiency symptoms include impaired growth, skeletal abnormalities, and reproductive problems. *Copper* - Copper deficiency can lead to anemia, neutropenia, and neurological problems, but it is not associated with acrodermatitis enteropathica. - Conditions like Menkes disease involve problems with copper transport and metabolism. *Selenium* - Selenium deficiency can contribute to Keshan disease (cardiomyopathy) and impaired immune function. - It is not directly linked to the dermatological and gastrointestinal symptoms seen in acrodermatitis enteropathica. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following statements is true about rhinophyma?

Acne rosacea. ***Acne rosacea*** - **Rhinophyma** is a severe form of **acne rosacea**, characterized by sebaceous gland hypertrophy and connective tissue hyperplasia on the nose. - It specifically represents the **phymatous subtype** of rosacea, which involves thickening of the skin. *Premalignant* - Rhinophyma itself is generally **not considered premalignant** to skin cancer. - While skin cancers like **basal cell carcinoma** can rarely occur within rhinophyma, the condition itself does not inherently transform into malignancy. *Common in alcoholics* - This is a **common misconception**; while often associated with heavy alcohol use, there is no direct causal link. - The development of rhinophyma is primarily driven by the underlying pathogenesis of **rosacea**, not alcohol consumption. *Fungal etiology* - Rhinophyma is primarily an inflammatory skin condition, not caused by **fungal infection**. - Its etiology is complex, involving genetics, environmental triggers, and vascular dysregulation, but **microbial involvement** is typically bacterial (e.g., Demodex mites) rather than fungal. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the condition characterized by the hypertrophy of sebaceous glands?

Sebaceous hyperplasia. ***Sebaceous hyperplasia*** - This condition is characterized by the **enlargement (hypertrophy)** of normal sebaceous glands, often appearing as yellowish-white papules with a central umbilication. - It commonly occurs on the **face of older adults**, particularly on the forehead and cheeks, and is a benign condition. *Rhinosporidiosis* - This is a **chronic granulomatous disease** caused by the fungus *Rhinosporidium seeberi*, primarily affecting the **mucous membranes** of the nose and nasopharynx. - It presents as **friable, polypoidal masses** with a characteristic "strawberry-like" appearance due to small white spots (sporangia), not sebaceous gland hypertrophy. *Tubercular infection* - A tubercular infection, particularly cutaneous tuberculosis, can manifest in various forms, including **lupus vulgaris**, scrofuloderma, or tuberculosis cutis verrucosa. - These presentations involve **granulomatous inflammation** and tissue destruction, not isolated hypertrophy of sebaceous glands. *Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma* - This is a **rare, benign, highly vascular tumor** that originates in the nasopharynx, predominantly affecting adolescent males. - It typically presents with symptoms like **epistaxis** and **nasal obstruction**, and is composed of fibrous and vascular tissue, not sebaceous glands. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Characteristic of chronic eczema?

Lichenification. ***Lichenification*** - **Lichenification** is a hallmark of chronic eczema, characterized by thickening of the epidermis with exaggerated skin markings due to persistent rubbing or scratching. - This response reflects the long-term inflammatory and reparative processes in chronically affected skin. *Erythema* - **Erythema**, or redness, is a common finding in both acute and chronic inflammatory skin conditions, including acute eczema, but is not specifically characteristic of chronicity. - While present, it does not distinguish chronic from acute phases as definitively as other features. *Induration* - **Induration** refers to hardening or firmness of the skin, often due to inflammation or infection, and while it can be present in chronic eczema, it's a more general sign and not as specific as lichenification. - It might also suggest other conditions like cellulitis or deep tissue involvement. *Edema* - **Edema**, or swelling, is more prominent in the acute phase of eczema due to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability leading to fluid extravasation. - While some edema can persist, it's a less defining feature of chronic eczema compared to the epidermal changes observed in lichenification. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following causes non-cicatricial alopecia?

All of the options. ***All of the options*** - **Tinea capitis**, **SLE** (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), and **Alopecia areata** all can cause **non-cicatricial alopecia**. - **Non-cicatricial alopecia** refers to hair loss where the hair follicle is not permanently destroyed, and hair regrowth is possible, leaving no scarring. *Tinea capitis* - This is a **fungal infection** of the scalp that causes hair shafts to break, leading to patches of hair loss. - While it can lead to inflammation, it typically does not cause permanent destruction of the hair follicle unless severe and untreated, thus being predominantly **non-cicatricial**. *SLE* - Hair loss in **SLE** can occur due to various mechanisms, including diffuse thinning, patchy alopecia, or the characteristic "**lupus hair**" (fragile hairs around the hairline). - This type of hair loss is usually **non-scarring** and reversible, although discoid lupus erythematosus often causes scarring alopecia. *Alopecia areata* - This is an **autoimmune condition** characterized by patchy, sudden hair loss on the scalp or other body parts. - The hair follicles are attacked by the immune system but are not destroyed, making the condition largely **non-cicatricial** and potentially reversible. [Practice more Dermatology PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Acrodermatitis enteropathica is associated with a deficiency of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Zinc

Answer

Manganese

Answer

Copper

Answer

Selenium

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about rhinophyma?

Accepted Answer

Acne rosacea

Answer

Premalignant

Answer

Common in alcoholics

Answer

Fungal etiology

Question 3

What is the condition characterized by the hypertrophy of sebaceous glands?

Accepted Answer

Sebaceous hyperplasia

Answer

Rhinosporidiosis

Answer

Tubercular infection

Answer

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

Question 4

Characteristic of chronic eczema?

Accepted Answer

Lichenification

Answer

Erythema

Answer

Induration

Answer

Edema

Question 5

Which of the following causes non-cicatricial alopecia?

Accepted Answer

All of the options

Answer

Tinea capitis

Answer

SLE

Answer

Alopecia areata

Question 6

Which of the following conditions does NOT cause nail pitting?

Accepted Answer

Pityriasis Rosea

Answer

Lichen planus

Answer

Fungal infection

Answer

Psoriasis

Question 7

Brown macular pigmentation in malar area in a pregnant female is due to ?

Accepted Answer

Chloasma

Answer

Urticaric pigmentosa

Answer

Acanthosis nigricans

Answer

Acne rosacea

Question 8

Most common metal in contact allergic dermatitis is?

Accepted Answer

Nickel

Answer

Gold

Answer

Silver

Answer

Aluminum

Question 9

The Grattage test is used to diagnose which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Psoriasis

Answer

Tinea capitis

Answer

Lichen planus

Answer

Pemphigus vulgaris

Question 10

A 25-year-old patient presents with chronic itchy, erythematous skin lesions on the flexural areas that have been recurring since childhood. The patient has a family history of asthma. Which of the following is the most important diagnostic criterion for the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Chronic pruritic eczema with typical morphology and distribution

Answer

Personal or family history of atopy

Answer

Elevated serum IgE levels

Answer

Early age of onset (before 2 years)

NEET-PG 2013 — Dermatology