NEET-PG 2013 - Community Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Which Millennium Development Goal specifically addresses HIV/AIDS?

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. ***Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases*** - This Millennium Development Goal (MDG) directly focused on reducing the spread of **HIV/AIDS**, malaria, and other major diseases as a key global health priority. - It included targets such as halting and beginning to reverse the incidence of HIV/AIDS, and achieving universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all who need it. *Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger* - This goal addressed fundamental socioeconomic issues like **poverty** and **food insecurity**, which are broad determinants of health but not specific to HIV/AIDS. - While poverty can exacerbate the impact of HIV/AIDS, this MDG did not directly target the disease itself. *Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women* - This MDG focused on improving the status of women and girls, recognizing that **gender inequality** can be a risk factor for HIV transmission. - However, it did not directly address the combatting of HIV/AIDS as its primary objective. *Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development* - This goal focused on improving international cooperation for development, including access to affordable **essential medicines**, which could include antiretrovirals for HIV/AIDS. - While it supported efforts to combat HIV/AIDS through partnerships, it was not solely dedicated to this health challenge. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What term describes the patterns of inter-relationships between individuals in a society?

Social structure. ***Social structure*** - This term encompasses the **persistent, organized patterns** of relationships and institutions that shape social interaction within a society. - It refers to the underlying framework that dictates how individuals and groups are connected and positioned relative to each other. *Social relationships* - This refers to the **individual connections and interactions** between people, such as friendships, family ties, or professional collaborations. - While social relationships are components of social structure, they do not describe the overarching patterns of inter-relationships at a societal level. *Social networks* - This term describes the **specific web of social ties** that link individuals to one another, often visualized as nodes and connections. - While useful for mapping connections, it is a more specific concept than the broader idea of social structure, which includes institutional arrangements and roles. *Social systems* - This refers to a **set of interconnected social components** that function together to maintain order and stability within a society. - While social structure is a key aspect of a social system, the term "social system" itself is broader, encompassing the dynamic processes and functions alongside the established patterns. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What term describes the accepted behaviors and practices within a society?

Customs. ***Customs*** - **Customs** refer to the established, accepted behaviors and practices within a society that are widely recognized and followed by its members. - They are more enduring and deeply entrenched than informal folkways, representing institutionalized or significant social practices that guide social conduct. - Customs encompass the general norms, traditions, and behaviors that define "the way things are done" in a particular society. *Folkways* - **Folkways** are informal everyday customs, manners, and practices learned through observation and imitation (e.g., table manners, greetings). - They are a **subset** of customs, specifically referring to minor, informal norms with mild social disapproval for violations. - While folkways are accepted behaviors, they are too narrow to describe all "accepted behaviors and practices" in society. *Traditions* - **Traditions** are customs or beliefs passed down through generations with historical or symbolic significance. - They emphasize **intergenerational transmission** and continuity over time, making them more specific than the general concept of "accepted behaviors." *Cultural Practices* - **Cultural practices** is an umbrella term encompassing all ways a group behaves, thinks, and interacts, including beliefs, values, rituals, and institutions. - While accurate, it is **too broad** a term—customs is the more precise sociological term for accepted behaviors and practices. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: What is the Chandler's Index for Hookworm that indicates a significant health problem?

> 50. ***> 50*** - A Chandler's Index of **> 50** indicates a significant public health problem due to **hookworm infection**. - **Chandler's Index** is calculated as the **average egg count per person in a community** (total hookworm eggs counted ÷ number of persons examined), used to assess the population-level burden of hookworm infection. - A value **> 50** suggests that the community has a significant hookworm problem requiring public health intervention. *> 300* - This value is significantly higher than the threshold for a significant public health problem and would indicate an **extremely severe burden of infection**. - While this represents a very high Chandler's Index, it's not the standard cut-off for defining a "significant" health problem (which is the lower threshold of >50). *> 200* - A Chandler's Index of **> 200** would denote a very high intensity of hookworm infection in the community. - However, this is not the standard threshold used to define when hookworm becomes a "significant" public health issue - the threshold is lower at >50. *> 100* - A Chandler's Index of **> 100** represents a substantial level of hookworm infection within a population. - However, the widely recognized cutoff for a "significant health problem" is **> 50**, indicating public health concern even at this moderate level of community infection burden. [Practice more Community Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Which Millennium Development Goal specifically addresses HIV/AIDS?

Accepted Answer

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases

Answer

Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

Answer

Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women

Answer

Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development

Question 2

What term describes the patterns of inter-relationships between individuals in a society?

Accepted Answer

Social structure

Answer

Social relationships

Answer

Social networks

Answer

Social systems

Question 3

Screening for colorectal cancer is recommended when?

Accepted Answer

Early diagnosis can change the disease course due to effective treatment.

Answer

The condition has a low case fatality rate.

Answer

Diagnostic tools are not available.

Answer

There is no effective treatment available.

Question 4

What term describes the accepted behaviors and practices within a society?

Accepted Answer

Customs

Answer

Traditions

Answer

Cultural Practices

Answer

Folkways

Question 5

What is the Chandler's Index for Hookworm that indicates a significant health problem?

Accepted Answer

> 50

Answer

> 200

Answer

> 100

Answer

> 300

Question 6

Which of the following is a non- modifiable risk factor for CHD -

Accepted Answer

Old age

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Hypertension

Question 7

Most common mode of transmission of nosocomial infection is -

Accepted Answer

Hand contact

Answer

Droplet infection

Answer

Blood and blood products

Answer

Contaminated water

Question 8

Which of the following diseases is classified under category-B of bioterrorism?

Accepted Answer

Cholera

Answer

Anthrax

Answer

Plague

Answer

Botulism

Question 9

Which of the following viral diseases is least commonly reported in India?

Accepted Answer

Lassa fever

Answer

Japanese B encephalitis

Answer

KFD

Answer

Dengue

Question 10

Which of the following individuals is known for their significant contributions to public health legislation in the 19th century?

Accepted Answer

Edwin Chadwick

Answer

Joseph Lister

Answer

William Farr

Answer

John Snow

NEET-PG 2013 — Community Medicine