NEET-PG 2013 - General Medicine PYQs Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following statements about obesity is FALSE?

There is no genetic predisposition to obesity.. There is no genetic predisposition to obesity. - This statement is false because genetic factors play a significant role in an individual's susceptibility to obesity, influencing metabolism, appetite, and fat storage [1]. - While environment and lifestyle are crucial, polygenic influences and certain single-gene disorders can heavily predispose individuals to weight gain [1]. *Smoking is associated with weight loss* - Smoking can lead to appetite suppression and an increased metabolic rate, which may result in weight loss or lower body weight compared to non-smokers. - However, this is not a healthy or recommended method for weight control due to the numerous severe health risks associated with smoking. *Obesity affects only females.* - This statement is false; obesity affects both males and females across all age groups and demographics [2]. - Although there can be differences in fat distribution and associated health risks between sexes, obesity is a global health issue impacting everyone [2]. *The prevalence of obesity decreases with age.* - This statement is generally false; the prevalence of obesity tends to increase with age through middle adulthood before possibly leveling off or slightly declining in older age. - Factors like decreased physical activity, changes in metabolism, and chronic disease accumulation contribute to weight gain later in life [3]. [Practice more General Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following is a complication of total parenteral nutrition?

Hyperglycemia. ***Hyperglycemia*** - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions contain a high concentration of **dextrose** (glucose), which can lead to elevated blood glucose levels, especially in patients with pre-existing metabolic issues or high infusion rates. - The sudden and continuous infusion of carbohydrates can overwhelm the body's **insulin response**, resulting in hyperglycemia [3]. *Hyperkalemia* - **Hypokalemia**, rather than hyperkalemia, is a more common electrolyte disturbance associated with TPN due to intracellular shifts of potassium with glucose metabolism [2]. - While TPN solutions do contain potassium, hyperkalemia is generally rare unless there is significant renal impairment or excessive potassium supplementation. *Hyperglycemia and Hyperkalemia* - While **hyperglycemia** is a common complication, **hyperkalemia** is not; in fact, hypokalemia is a more frequent concern linked to the significant glucose load in TPN. - This option incorrectly pairs a common complication with one that is rare and generally only seen in specific circumstances. *Hyperosmolar dehydration* - This condition, also known as **hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)**, is a severe complication that can arise from uncontrolled hyperglycemia, where high glucose levels lead to osmotic diuresis and severe dehydration [1]. - While hyperglycemia is a precursor to hyperosmolar dehydration, the direct complication of TPN administration itself is the hyperglycemia. [Practice more General Medicine PYQs on OnCourse]

Question 1

Which of the following statements about obesity is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

There is no genetic predisposition to obesity.

Answer

Smoking is associated with weight loss

Answer

Obesity affects only females.

Answer

The prevalence of obesity decreases with age.

Question 2

Which of the following is a complication of total parenteral nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hyperglycemia and Hyperkalemia

Answer

Hyperosmolar dehydration

NEET-PG 2013 — General Medicine