NEET-PG 2013 Practice Questions

Q: Which of the following nerves transmits impulses originating from the vestibular apparatus?

Cranial nerve VIII. ***Cranial nerve VIII*** - The **vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)** is responsible for transmitting both auditory (cochlear branch) and balance (vestibular branch) information to the brain [1], [2]. - The **vestibular apparatus** in the inner ear detects head movements and position, and its impulses are carried by the vestibular part of CN VIII [2]. *Cranial nerve XI* - **Cranial nerve XI (Accessory nerve)** primarily controls the **sternocleidomastoid** and **trapezius muscles**, involved in head and shoulder movement. - It has no role in transmitting sensory information from the vestibular apparatus or the inner ear. *Cranial nerve VII* - **Cranial nerve VII (Facial nerve)** innervates the **muscles of facial expression**, carries taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, and supplies several glands. - It is not involved in transmitting impulses related to balance from the vestibular apparatus. *Cranial nerve II* - **Cranial nerve II (Optic nerve)** is responsible for **vision**, transmitting visual information from the retina to the brain. - It has no function related to the vestibular system or balance.

Q: Most common cause of facial nerve palsy:

Idiopathic Bell's palsy. ***Idiopathic Bell's palsy*** - **Bell's palsy** is the most common cause of **facial nerve palsy**, accounting for approximately 60-75% of cases. - It is an **idiopathic** condition, meaning its exact cause is unknown, although it is often linked to viral infections (e.g., herpes simplex virus). [1] *Mastoid surgery* - **Iatrogenic facial nerve injury** during mastoidectomy is a known complication, but it is a relatively rare cause of facial nerve palsy. - While it can cause significant palsy, the incidence is low compared to Bell's palsy. *Herpes zoster oticus* - This condition, also known as **Ramsay Hunt syndrome**, is a cause of facial nerve palsy associated with a **vesicular rash** (zoster) in the ear canal or on the face. - While it is a significant cause of viral-induced facial palsy, it is less common than idiopathic Bell's palsy. *Chronic suppurative Otitis media* - **Chronic otitis media** can, in rare cases, lead to facial nerve palsy due to persistent inflammation spreading to the facial nerve. [2] - This is a less common etiology than Bell's palsy and would typically present with a history of recurrent ear discharge and hearing loss.

Q: Most common cause of post-measles death?

Pneumonia. ***Pneumonia*** - **Pneumonia**, particularly secondary bacterial pneumonia, is the **most common cause of death** in children following a measles infection. - Measles causes **immune suppression** and damage to the respiratory epithelium, making individuals vulnerable to severe respiratory infections. *SSPE* - **Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)** is a rare, fatal, late complication of measles, occurring years after the initial infection. - While always fatal, its rarity means it is not the most common cause of overall measles-related mortality. *Myocarditis* - **Myocarditis**, inflammation of the heart muscle, can be a rare complication of measles, but it is not the leading cause of death. - Cardiac complications are less frequently observed as the primary cause of death compared to respiratory infections. *Diarrhea* - **Diarrhea** is a common complication of measles, especially in malnourished children, and can contribute to mortality due to **dehydration** and electrolyte imbalances. - However, severe respiratory complications like pneumonia are still responsible for a higher proportion of measles-related deaths.

Q: All are true about delirium tremens, except:

Normal sleep-wake cycle. ***Normal sleep wake cycle*** - Delirium tremens is characterized by a **disrupted sleep-wake cycle**, often with **insomnia** and **nocturnal exacerbation** of symptoms, making a normal sleep-wake cycle an incorrect statement. - The brain's regulatory mechanisms for sleep are significantly impaired due to the withdrawal of alcohol's suppressive effects. *Clouding of consciousness* - **Clouding of consciousness** is a hallmark feature of delirium tremens, representing a reduced awareness of the environment and impaired attention. - Patients often present with **disorientation** regarding time, place, and person. *Visual hallucinations* - **Visual hallucinations** are very common in delirium tremens, often described as vivid, frightening, and involving small animals or insects. - These hallucinations contribute to the patient's **agitation** and fear. *Coarse tremors* - **Coarse tremors**, particularly of the hands and face, are a classic physical sign of alcohol withdrawal and an integral part of delirium tremens. - These tremors are due to the **overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system** as the inhibitory effects of alcohol wear off.

Question 1

Which of the following nerves transmits impulses originating from the vestibular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Cranial nerve VIII

Answer

Cranial nerve XI

Answer

Cranial nerve VII

Answer

Cranial nerve II

Question 2

Most common cause of facial nerve palsy:

Accepted Answer

Idiopathic Bell's palsy

Answer

Mastoid surgery

Answer

Herpes zoster oticus

Answer

Chronic suppurative Otitis media

Question 3

Most common cause of post-measles death?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

SSPE

Answer

Myocarditis

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 4

All are true about delirium tremens, except:

Accepted Answer

Normal sleep-wake cycle

Answer

Clouding of consciousness

Answer

Visual hallucinations

Answer

Coarse tremors

NEET-PG 2013

Anatomy

Internal Medicine

Pediatrics

Psychiatry