High-risk pregnancies US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master High-risk pregnancies with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
High-risk pregnancies Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 11: What is the pathogenesis of a follicular cyst?
Answer: distension of unruptured Graafian follicle
Extra: Associated with increased estrogen and endometrial hyperplasia.
Flashcard 12: polycistic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Answer: deranged LH production and steroid synthesis
Extra: amenorrhea, infertility, obesity, hirsutism, +/- insulin resistance increased: LH, testosterone, estrogen
decreased: FSH
enlarged, bilateral, cystic ovaries weight loss, OCPs or medroxyprogesterone, spironolactone, clomiphene, metformin increased risk of endometrial cancer
Flashcard 13: Define premature ovarian failure (POI) and its hormone profile.
Answer: Loss of ovarian function before age 40, characterized by ↑ FSH/LH and ↓ Estrogen.
Extra: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI):\n- Etiology: Follicular atresia or destruction.\n- Presentation: Signs of menopause (amenorrhea, hot flashes) after puberty but before 40.\n- Hormonal Profile: Increased LH and FSH (>40 IU/L); Decreased Estrogen levels.
Flashcard 14: What is the most common presenting symptom of endometrial carcinoma?
Answer: Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding :: most common presentation
Extra: Risk factors: Unopposed estrogen (estrogen without progestin), obesity, DM, HTN, nulliparity, late menopause.
Peak incidence: 55-65 years.
Flashcard 15: What is the primary underlying cause of endometrial hyperplasia?
Answer: Unconditional/unopposed estrogen stimulation
Extra: Presentation: Postmenopausal vaginal bleeding.
Risk Factors: Anovulatory cycles (PCOS), Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT), obesity, granulosa cell tumors.
Complications: Increased risk for endometrial carcinoma (especially with atypia).
Flashcard 16: adenomyosis
Answer: non-neoplastic endometrial tissue within myometrium
Extra: menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain uterus is enlarged hysterectomy
Flashcard 17: endometriosis
Answer: retrograde menstrual flow
Extra: cyclic menstrual bleeding from non-uterine site, severe menstrual-related pain, painful intercourse, infertility uterus is normal sized blood-filled "chocolate cysts" OCP, NSAIDs, leuprolide, danazol
Flashcard 18: What is the definition and common causes of oligohydramnios?
Answer: Amniotic fluid volume less than expected for gestational age (AFI < 5 cm or SDP < 2 cm).
Extra: Causes: Placental insufficiency, bilateral renal agenesis, posterior urethral valves (inability to excrete urine). \n\nComplication: Potter's sequence (pulmonary hypoplasia, limb deformities, facial features).
Flashcard 19: Major mechanism of polyhydramnios in conditions like esophageal atresia or anencephaly?
Answer: Inability to swallow amniotic fluid
Extra: Associated conditions: Esophageal or duodenal atresia, anencephaly.
Definition: Amniotic fluid volume >1.5-2 L or AFI >24-25 cm.
Flashcard 20: ectopic pregnancy
Answer: zygote implants outside of uterus, usually fallopian tubes
Extra: sudden onset abdominal pain, amenorrhea decreased: hCG (compared to expected) ultrasound: visible mass endometrium has decidua basalis but no chorionic villi PID, hx infertility, ruptured appendix, prior tubal surgery (scar)
Keywords: High-risk pregnancies flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
