High-risk pregnancies — Flashcards

High-risk pregnancies US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards

Master High-risk pregnancies with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.

High-risk pregnancies Flashcard Deck - 859 Cards

Flashcard 1: What volume defines oligohydramnios?

Answer: <0.5 L amniotic fluid

Flashcard 2: congenital syphilis

Answer: prenatal exposure to T. pallidum

Extra: in infant: saber shins, saddle nose, mulberry molars, notched incisors

Flashcard 3: combined estrogen/progestin

Answer:

Extra: contraceptionsmokers > 35 y/o, hx DVT, stroke, ER+ cancerin combination prevents ovulation thrombosis

Flashcard 4: GYN tumor incidence in US: ___ > _ > ___

Answer: endometrial

Flashcard 5: Granulosa cell tumor

Answer:

Extra: abnormal uterine bleedingincreased: estrogenCall-Exner bodies - small follicles with eosinophilic secretions precocious puberty in kids, endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma in adults

Flashcard 6: serous cystadenocarcinoma

Answer: ovarian tumor

Extra: Psammoma bodies (Psammoma body pictured, but different cancer)malignant

Flashcard 7: endometrioid cyst (chocolate cyst)

Answer: endometriosis within ovary with cyst formation

Extra:

Flashcard 8: hemorrhagic ovarian cyst

Answer: blood vessel rupture in cyst wall

Extra: usually self-resolves

Flashcard 9: theca-lutein cyst

Answer: gonadotropin stimulation

Extra: associated with choriocarcinoma and amoles

Flashcard 10: corpus luteum cyst

Answer: hemorrhage into persistent corpus luteum

Extra: commonly regresses spontaneously

Flashcard 11: follicular cyst

Answer: distension of unruptured Graafian follicle

Extra: increased: estrogenendometrial hyperplasia

Flashcard 12: polycistic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Answer: deranged LH production and steroid synthesis

Extra: amenorrhea, infertility, obesity, hirsutism, +/- insulin resistanceincreased: LH, testosterone, estrogen decreased: FSH enlarged, bilateral, cystic ovariesweight loss, OCPs or medroxyprogesterone, spironolactone, clomiphene, metforminincreased risk of endometrial cancer

Flashcard 13: premature ovarian failure

Answer:

Extra: atresia of ovarian folliclessigns of menopause after puberty but before 40increased: LH, FSH decreased: estrogen

Flashcard 14: endometrial carcinoma

Answer:

Extra: postmenopausal vaginal bleedingestrogen without progestin, obesity, DM, HTN, nulliparity, late menopause55-65 years

Flashcard 15: endometrial hyperplasia

Answer: usually excess estrogen stimulation

Extra: postmenopausal vaginal bleedinganovulatory cycles, hormone replacement therapy, PCOS, granulosa cell tumorincreased risk for endometrial carcinoma

Flashcard 16: adenomyosis

Answer: non-neoplastic endometrial tissue within myometrium

Extra: menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, pelvic painuterus is enlargedhysterectomy

Flashcard 17: endometriosis

Answer: retrograde menstrual flow

Extra: cyclic menstrual bleeding from non-uterine site, severe menstrual-related pain, painful intercourse, infertilityuterus is normal sizedblood-filled "chocolate cysts"OCP, NSAIDs, leuprolide, danazol

Flashcard 18: oligohydramnios

Answer:

Extra: inability to excrete urineplacental insufficiency, bilateral renal agenesis, posterior urethral valvePotter's sequence

Flashcard 19: polyhydramnios

Answer: inability to swallow amniotic fluid

Extra: esophageal or duodenal atresia, anencephaly>1.5 L amniotic fluid

Flashcard 20: ectopic pregnancy

Answer: zygote implants outside of uterus, usually fallopian tubes

Extra: sudden onset abdominal pain, amenorrheadecreased: hCG (compared to expected)ultrasound: visible massendometrium has decidua basalis but no chorionic villiPID, hx infertility, ruptured appendix, prior tubal surgery (scar)

Flashcard 21: placenta accreta

Answer: placenta invades beyond decidua and attaches to myometrium

Extra: massive maternal bleeding at deliveryprior C-section, prior placenta previa

Flashcard 22: HELLP syndrome

Answer: variant/complication of preeclampsia/eclampsia

Extra: hemolysis increased: liver enzymes decreased: platelets

Flashcard 23: preeclampsia/eclampsia

Answer: placental ischemia secondary to high maternal vascular tone

Extra: gestational: headache, blurred vision, abdominal pain, edema, AMS, hyperreflexia, +/- seizuresincreased: hyperuricemia decreased: thrombocytopenia 1. Delivery ASAP 2. Until then, bed rest, treatment of HTN. 3. IV magnesium sulfate to prevent/treat seizures HTN, DM, renal disease, autoimmune disordersHELLP syndrome

Flashcard 24: partial hydatiform mole

Answer: 2 sperm + 1 egg

Extra: cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epitheliumabnormal vaginal bleedingincreased: β-hCG"honeycombed" or "cluster of grapes" uterusD&C, methotrexate69, XXX; 69, XXY; 69, XYYmost common precursor of choriocarcinoma, uterine rupture

Flashcard 25: complete hydatiform mole

Answer: 2 sperm + 1 empty egg

Extra: cystic swelling of chorionic villi and proliferation of chorionic epitheliumabnormal vaginal bleedingincreased: β-hCGultrasound: snowstorm uterusabnormally enlarged, "honeycombed" or "cluster of grapes" uterusD&C, methotrexatemost common precursor of choriocarcinoma, uterine rupture

Flashcard 26: hydrocele

Answer: incomplete fusion of processus vaginalis leads to fluid build-up in testicle

Extra:

Flashcard 27: cryptorchidism

Answer:

Extra: increased: FSH, LH decreased: inhibin, +/- testosterone (unilateral) prematurityimpaired spermatogenesis, increased risk of germ cell tumors

Flashcard 28: gynecomastia

Answer: hyperestrogenism from any source

Extra: female-like breast tissue in a male

Flashcard 29: fibrocystic disease (breast)

Answer:

Extra: premenstrual breast pain, multiple breast lumps - often bilateral. Fluctuates in size with mentsrual cycle

Flashcard 30: GYN tumor prognosis: ___ > _ > ___

Answer: endometrial

Flashcard 31: male pseudo-hermaphroditism

Answer:

Extra: testes present, external genitalia female or ambigious

Flashcard 32: female pseudo-hermaphroditism

Answer: escessive exposure to androgens during gestation

Extra: ovaries present, external genitalia virilized or ambiguous

Flashcard 33: Turner syndrome

Answer:

Extra: female, short stature, ovarian dysgenesis (streak ovaries), shield chest, bicuspid aortic valve, webbed neck, coarctation of aorta, horshoe kidney, dysgerminonma, lymphedemaincreased: LF, FSH decreased: estrogen no Barr bodiesXO

Flashcard 34: bicornate uterus

Answer: incomplete fusion of paramesonephric ducts

Extra: urinary tract abnormalities and miscarriages

Flashcard 35: The umbilical arteries carry ___ blood from the _ arteries to the ___.

Answer: deoxygenated

Flashcard 36: Identify 9

Answer: chorion

Flashcard 37: Identify 5

Answer: placenta

Flashcard 38: Identify 3

Answer: maternal blood in intervillus space

Flashcard 39: Identify 1

Answer: chorionic villi

Flashcard 40: maternal diabetes

Answer: caudal regression syndrome, congenital heart defects, neural tube defects

Flashcard 41: vitamin A (excess)

Answer: spontaneous abortion, cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities

Flashcard 42: How many chorions and amnions develop when a zygote splits after Day 12?

Answer: 1 chorion, 1 amnion, conjoined twins

Flashcard 43: fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer: maternal consumption of alcohol during pregnancy

Extra: mental retardation, pre- and post-natal developmental retardation, microcephaly, holoprosencephaly, facial abnormalities, limb dislocation, heart and lung fistula

Flashcard 44: Dizygotic twins arise from _ egg(s) and _ sperm.

Answer: 2

Flashcard 45: Monozygotic twins arise from _ egg and _ sperm.

Answer: 1

Flashcard 46: How many chorions and amnions develop when a zygote splits between Day 0-4?

Answer: 2 chorions, 2 amnions

Flashcard 47: How many chorions and amnions develop when a zygote splits between Day 4-8?

Answer: 1 chorion, 2 amnions

Flashcard 48: How many chorions and amnions develop when a zygote splits between Day 8-12?

Answer: 1 chorion, 1 amnion

Flashcard 49: gonads (ovaries and testes)

Answer: mesoderm

Flashcard 50: deformation (organogenesis)

Answer: extrinsic disruption; occurs after embryonic period

Flashcard 51: malformation (organogenesis)

Answer: intrinsic disruption; occcurs during embryonic period

Flashcard 52: After week 8, teratogens tend to exert _____ effects on the fetus.

Answer: growth and function

Flashcard 53: Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Answer: vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma, congenital Mullerian anomalies

Flashcard 54: cocaine

Answer: abnormal fetal development, placental abruption, fetal stimulant addiction

Flashcard 55: tobacco

Answer: preterm labor, placental problems, IUGR, ADHD

Flashcard 56: alcohol

Answer: fetal alcohol syndrome

Flashcard 57: maternal PKU

Answer: mother with PKU eats improper diet during pregnancy

Extra: newborn microcephaly, mental retardation, growth retardation, congenital heart defects

Flashcard 58: A 17 year old is pregnant and requests an abortion.

Answer: Depending on the state, physician may need parental consent. DO NOT advise an abortion because of mother's age or condition of fetus unless medically justified.

Flashcard 59: A 15 year old is pregnant and wants to keep the child. Her parents want you to tell her to give the child up for adoption.

Answer: Provide requested information and encourage conversation between both parties. Ultimately, the 15 year old mother has the right to make decisions regarding her child.

Flashcard 60: What is the criteria for low birthweight?

Answer: <2500 g

Flashcard 61: Müllerian agenesis and imperforate hymen are causes of _____ with normal secondary sex characteristics

Answer: primary amenorrhea

Extra: Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 62: The cysts in PCOS are formed from _____ due to increased androgens and LH:FSH ratio

Answer: unruptured follicles

Extra: * Excess androgens stimulate growth of many follicles and cause them to mature too early Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/female-pathology?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 63: _____ is a rare complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) that involves inflammation of the liver capsule and formation of "violin-string" adhesions

Answer: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome

Extra: Watch Neisseria gonorrhoeae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-cocci-neisseria-gonorrhoeae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 64: Kartagener syndrome results in decreased male and female _____

Answer: fertility

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/epithelium?index=9] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/general-physiology/cytoskeleton/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 65: Spontaneous abortion is more common in patients in a(n) _____ state, such as those with antiphospholipid syndrome

Answer: hypercoagulable

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/lupus/acquire?ref=anki - Thrombus forms in placenta - e.g. anti-β2 glycoprotein, anticardiolipin, and lupus anticoagulant antibodies react with platelets activating endothelial cells/platelets → thrombosis

Flashcard 66: What demographic has increased incidence of leiomyoma (fibroid)? _____

Answer: African Americans (peak occurrence 20-40 years old)

Extra: Watch Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) & Endometriosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-aub-and-endometriosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki Green overlay: leiomyoma tissue; transverse section White overlay: leiomyoma tissue; longitudinal section Black arrows: mitotic figure White arrows: blood vessels Uterine leiomyoma Limited assessment possible as only one image is accessible: This image is of a transvaginal ultrasound, whereby the transducer is positioned near the cervix and the sound waves are sent cranially, resulting in a sagittal section of the uterine corpus (D) and cervix (C). The endometrium (A) lies central in the uterus and is termed endometrial stripe in ultrasound. There are three suspected myomas (B) in the myometrium, with both cranially located myomas heterogeneous and hypoechoic and the myoma at the bottom of the image demonstrating calcifications.

Flashcard 67: _____ disease can result in fallopian tubal scarring, which is a major risk factor for ectopic pregnancies and infertility

Answer: Pelvic inflammatory

Flashcard 68: CMV can result in _____, which commonly leads to spontaneous abortion

Answer: hydrops fetalis

Extra: Watch Cytomegalovirus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-cytomegalovirus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 69: Gestational diabetes is treated with _____ if nutrition therapy and exercise alone fail

Answer: insulin replacement

Flashcard 70: In PCOS, weight loss treatment can decrease androgen levels resulting in what benefit? _____

Answer: Restored fertility (ovulatory cycles start)

Extra: * decreased weight -> decreased insulin resistance -> reversed hyperinsulinism -> decreased androgen levels -> ovulatory cycles start Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 71: In females, 11- and 21-hydroxylase deficiency may present with _ and _ due to hyperandrogenism

Answer: irregular menses

Extra: Watch Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-cah?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-cah?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki

Flashcard 72: What is the size of the uterus with partial moles relative to gestational age? _____

Answer: Normal (or slightly small)

Extra: Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 73: _____ is a blood pressure >140/90 mmHg after the 20th week of gestation with no proteinuria, pre-existing hypertension, nor end-organ damage

Answer: Gestational hypertension

Extra: * If before 20 weeks may be due to pre-existing hypertension Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 74: In twin-twin transfusion syndrome, the _____ is polycythemic, overloaded, and at risk for heart failure

Answer: recipient

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 75: Increased risk of developing breast cancer is associated with a(n) _____ age at first live birth

Answer: older

Extra: Watch Breast Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-breast-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/breast-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 76: In polycystic ovarian syndrome, increased _____ production causes excess androgen production (from theca cells), resulting in hirsutism

Answer: LH

Flashcard 77: Presence of _____ umbilical artery is associated with congenital and chromosomal anomalies

Answer: one

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 78: In areas with no prenatal care, a hydatidiform mole presents in the 2nd trimester with _____

Answer: passage of grape-like masses (large, edematous villi) through the vaginal canal

Extra: Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 79: How is placenta previa usually diagnosed? _____

Answer: Ultrasound

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathology-of-pregnancy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 80: Risk of preeclampsia increases with _ and _ pregnancy

Answer: older age

Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Polyhydramnios & Oligohydramnios [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-polyhydramnios-and-oligohydramnios?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 81: _____ is the hyperplasia of endometrial glands relative to the stroma

Answer: Endometrial hyperplasia

Flashcard 82: What pregnancy complication is associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis? _____

Answer: Miscarriage

Extra: Watch Thyroid Nodules & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-thyroid-nodules-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki

Flashcard 83: _____ is a cystic tumor composed of fetal tissue derived from two or three embryologic layers (e.g. hair, teeth, bone, skin, gut, thyroid, etc)

Answer: Cystic teratoma

Extra: Watch Ovarian Neoplasms (Germ Cell & Sex Chord Stromal Tumors) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-neoplasms-germ-cell-and-sex-cord-stromal-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Testicular Disorders & Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-neoplasms-germ-cell-and-sex-cord-stromal-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 84: What is the most common cause of primary amenorrhea? _____

Answer: Turner's syndrome

Extra: Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/anatomy/embryology/videos/abdominopelvic-systems-digestive-urinary-and-reproductive?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 85: Which chemotherapeutic drug can be used in the treatment of a hydatidiform mole? _____

Answer: Methotrexate

Extra: Watch Methotrexate, leucovorin, 5 fluorouracil, hydroxyurea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-antimetabolites-methotrexate-leucovorin-5-fluorouracil-hydroxyurea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 86: Fibroids (leiomyomas) may be found in _____ parts of the uterine wall

Answer: submucosal, intramural, and subserosal

Extra: * Mislabeled in sketchy, so i created labels for reference Watch Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) & Endometriosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-aub-and-endometriosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 87: Hydatidiform mole presents with _____ levels of hCG than expected for the date of gestation

Answer: higher

Extra: Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 88: Placental abruption typically presents with abrupt, painful third trimester _____

Answer: bleeding

Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathology-of-pregnancy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki may lead to possible DIC, maternal shock, and fetal distress; blood against maternal surface of the placenta (decidua)

Flashcard 89: _____ is the presence of too little amniotic fluid and may be associated with placental insufficiency, bilateral renal agenesis, and posterior urethral valves (inability to excrete urine)

Answer: Oligohydramnios

Extra: Watch Polyhydramnios & Oligohydramnios [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-polyhydramnios-and-oligohydramnios?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathology-of-pregnancy?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki

Flashcard 90: The key risk factor for ectopic pregnancy is _____

Answer: tubal scarring

Flashcard 91: _____ presents with enlarged, bilateral cystic ovaries

Answer: Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Flashcard 92: Patients with primary ovarian insufficiency have the following serology: - Estrogen - ___ - LH - _ - FSH - ___

Answer: decreased

Extra: *low FSH & LH due to decreased negative feedback on hypothalamus and pituitary Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 93: Choriocarcinoma is a small, hemorrhagic tumor with early, diffuse _ spread, especially to the _

Answer: hematogenous

Extra: Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki Presents as hemoptysis, shortness of breath, and/or chest pain; other common sites of metastasis include the vagina and brain; diagnose w/ hCG

Flashcard 94: Maternal diabetes may lead to _____ syndrome in infants, which ranges from anal atresia to sirenomelia

Answer: Caudal regression

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 95: Which two viruses can result in hydrops fetalis? _____

Answer: CMV; Parvovirus B19

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/dna-viruses/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 96: Placental aromatase deficiency results in _____ of female (46,XX) infants

Answer: masculinization

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 97: Endometriosis spread to the fallopian tube mucosa presents with increased risk of _ pregnancy and _

Answer: ectopic tubal

Flashcard 98: A hydatidiform mole may be detected via the absence of fetal _____ sounds

Answer: heart

Flashcard 99: What type of ovarian cancer would you suspect in a postmenopausal female with SBO, renal failure, pleural effusions, and ascites? _____

Answer: Epithelial cell cancer

Extra: * due to peritoneal seeding, seeding of the bowel, and pleural metastasis, respectively Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Hypertension [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-vascular/videos/medical-pathophysiology-vascular-hypertension-hypertension?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 100: Ovarian adenocarcinomas (surface epithelial tumor) most commonly arise in women aged _____ years old

Answer: 60-70

Extra: Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki postmenopausal

Flashcard 101: Is pregnancy possible in a patient with uterus didelphys? _____

Answer: Yes

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 102: Phyllodes tumor is most commonly seen in _____-menopausal women

Answer: post

Extra: Watch Benign Breast Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-breast-benign-breast-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 103: _____ phenylketonuria is due to lack of proper dietary therapy during pregnancy

Answer: Maternal

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dna-to-protein/amino-acids/acquire?ref=anki Other: BH4 = tetrahydrobiopterin

Flashcard 104: Vitamin _____ excess during pregnancy poses an extremely high risk for spontaneous abortion

Answer: A

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki

Flashcard 105: What is the most common risk factor for placental abruption? _____

Answer: Hypertension

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 106: A(n) _____ hydatidiform mole is more commonly associated with increased uterine size

Answer: complete

Extra: Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 107: Endocervical polyps are most common in what demographic? _____

Answer: Multiparous middle-aged women

Extra: Watch Cervical Neoplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-cervical-neoplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Cervical Neoplasia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-cervical-neoplasia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 108: What is the leading cause of low birth weight in developed countries? _____

Answer: Smoking (nicotine, CO)

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 109: Parvovirus B19 infection during the 1st and 2nd trimester(s) can result in _____

Answer: hydrops fetalis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/dna-viruses/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 110: Androgen insensitivity syndrome is due to a defect in the androgen receptor, which results in a normal-appearing _ that is genotypically _

Answer: female

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki

Flashcard 111: The follicles in a patient with _____ present on examination as multiple small cysts (immature follicles)

Answer: PCOS

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 112: The vascular type of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome that is caused by a deficiency of type III collagen can lead to: - the formation and rupture of _____ - rupture of organs (ex. in women the uterus during birth)

Answer: aneurysms

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 113: Are the following protective factors or risk factors for surface epithelial ovarian cancer? _____ - Infertility - Nulliparity - Postmenopausal hormone therapy

Answer: Risk factors

Flashcard 114: _____ cardiomyopathy may be seen during the last month of pregnancy or within five months of childbirth ("peripartum cardiomyopathy")

Answer: Dilated

Extra: Watch Dilated & Restrictive Cardiomyopathy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-myocardial-and-pericardial-disorders-dilated-and-restrictive-cardiomyopathy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/cardiomyopathy?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki sx. of dyspnea, lower extremity edema, S3 - signs of decompensated HF.

Flashcard 115: In polycystic ovarian syndrome, excess androgen (from theca cells) is converted to _____ in adipose tissue, which inhibits FSH secretion from anterior pituitary

Answer: estrone

Extra: * Estrone -> less potent than estradiol but more potent than estriol Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki

Flashcard 116: _____, a rare complication of diethylstilbestrol, is the malignant proliferation of glands in the vagina with clear cytoplasm

Answer: Clear cell adenocarcinoma

Extra: * Translucent clear glass in overall picture below (sketchy didn't fill in symbol before labeling) Watch Vulvar & Vaginal Lesions [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-vulvar-and-vaginal-lesions?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 117: If β-hCG levels are still high after a D&C of a molar pregnancy, the remaining Hydatidiform mole can be treated with _____

Answer: methotrexate

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 118: Potter sequence may be caused by chronic _____ insufficiency

Answer: placental

Extra: Watch Congenital & Cystic Kidney Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-congenital-and-chronic-kidney-disease-congenital-and-cystic-kidney-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Polyhydramnios & Oligohydramnios [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-congenital-and-chronic-kidney-disease-congenital-and-cystic-kidney-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki

Flashcard 119: When does gestational diabetes resolve? _____

Answer: After delivery of the placenta

Extra: * HPL levels decrease to pre-pregnancy levels Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 120: If an Rh- mother with anti-D IgG antibodies has a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh+ fetus, the fetus can develop _____

Answer: hydrops fetalis

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/embryology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 121: Ovarian reserve can also be tested by determining day _____ of menstrual cycle FSH / Estradiol levels

Answer: 3

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 122: Choriocarcinoma is associated with which type of ovarian cyst? _____

Answer: Theca-lutein cyst

Flashcard 123: Placental _____ is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall (decidua) prior to delivery of fetus

Answer: abruption

Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathology-of-pregnancy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 124: Ovarian cystadenomas (surface epithelial tumors) most commonly arise in women aged _____ years old

Answer: 30-40

Flashcard 125: _____ is multiple follicular cysts in the ovary and anovulation due to hormone imbalance

Answer: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome)

Flashcard 126: What serum marker is characteristically elevated in choriocarcinoma? _____

Answer: hCG (produced by syncytiotrophoblasts)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki contains cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast tissue without villi mimics placenta = secretes hCG (babysitter)

Flashcard 127: _____ is safe to use in pregnant women experiencing hypertensive emergency

Answer: Hydralazine

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antihypertensives) Watch Primary hypertension & hypertensive emergency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-primary-hypertension-and-hypertensive-emergency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/hypertension?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/hypertension/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 128: What chemotherapeutic drug is used in the treatment of an ectopic pregnancy? _____

Answer: Methotrexate

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki Gestational size must be < 3 cm, β-HCG < 5000, and no fetal heart tones must be present (success of methotrexate requires early gestation)

Flashcard 129: Which 2 bacteria are the most common causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)? _____ (subacute; often undiagnosed); Neisseria gonorrhoeae (acute)

Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis

Flashcard 130: Menopause before age 40 suggests _____ insufficiency

Answer: primary ovarian

Extra: Watch Hypothalamic & Pituitary Dysfunction Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-dysfunction-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 131: Congenital GnRH deficiency, ovarian dysfunction, and Turner syndrome are causes of _____ with absent secondary sex characteristics

Answer: primary amenorrhea

Extra: * due to lack of estrogen Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 132: _____, a K+ sparing diuretic, may be used to treat symptoms of androgen excess in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

Answer: Spironolactone

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch K+ sparing diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-k-sparing-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki spears coming out of breast = anti-androgen

Flashcard 133: In cases of menstrual bleeding due to ovulatory dysfunction, abnormal uterine bleeding can be treated with _____ therapy

Answer: hormone

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/abnormal-uterine-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 134: What demographic is most commonly associated with non-HPV related vulvar carcinoma? _____

Answer: Elderly women (average age >70 years)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 135: Abnormal uterine bleeding is further subcategorized by PALM-COEIN; with Structural causes including: - P_____ - Adenomyosis - Leiomyoma - Malignancy / hyperplasia

Answer: olyp

Flashcard 136: What is most commonly the effect of teratogens during the first two weeks of gestation? _____

Answer: Spontaneous abortion

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 137: Spontaneous abortion is common and occurs in up to _____ of recognizable pregnancies

Answer: 1/4

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 138: What is the treatment for preeclampsia or eclampsia to prevent seizures? _____

Answer: IV magnesium sulfate

Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathology-of-pregnancy?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 139: In PCOS, excess _____ in the ovaries may cause granulosa cell dysfunction

Answer: androgens

Extra: * leads to abnormal conversion of androgens to estrogens Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 140: _____ is the implantation of a fertilized ovum at a site other than uterine wall

Answer: Ectopic pregnancy

Flashcard 141: In addition to painful vaginal bleeding, placenta abruption may present with painful, prolonged _____

Answer: uterine contractions

Extra: * Concealed abruption (painless) is also possible, but less likely Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 142: Invasive mole is typically the malignant progression of a(n) _____ hydatidiform mole

Answer: complete

Flashcard 143: In female infertility testing: a hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is primarily used to determine _____

Answer: fallopian tube patency

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 144: What is the most common germ cell tumor in females? _____

Answer: Cystic teratoma

Flashcard 145: Placenta _____ is the abnormal attachment of the placenta to the myometrium, without penetrating it

Answer: accreta

Extra: * most common type; risk factors include prior C-section, inflammation, and placenta previa Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathology-of-pregnancy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki A-I-P (ABC order) Accreta, Increta, Percreta

Flashcard 146: Which recreational drug causes low birth weight, preterm birth, IUGR, and placental abruption? _____

Answer: Cocaine

Flashcard 147: Which bacteria often causes subacute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) and hence often goes undiagnosed? _____

Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D-K

Extra: Watch Chlamydia trachomatis, Chlamydophila pneumoniae & Chlamydophila psittaci [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-chlamydia-trachomatis-chlamydophila-pneumoniae-and-chlamydophila-psittaci?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 148: What treatment for PCOS decreases the risk of hyperplasia and cancer? _____

Answer: OCPs

Extra: Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 149: In twin-twin transfusion syndrome, the _____ is anemic, pale, and has restricted growth

Answer: donor

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 150: What is the most common invasive (malignant) carcinoma of the female genital tract? _____

Answer: Endometrial carcinoma

Flashcard 151: Endometrial hyperplasia is usually caused by unopposed _____

Answer: estrogen

Extra: Watch Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) & Endometriosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-aub-and-endometriosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/female-reproductive-system?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki - Unopposed estrogen without progesterone = proliferate! - Obesity (↑ fat) = ↑ androgen → estrogen conversion (aromatase) - PCOS (also fat) = ↑↑ estrone production from adipose tissue (proliferative phase) and lack of progesterone (due to ↓ FSH → no luteal phase): overall, continual proliferation without shedding!

Flashcard 152: What demographic is most commonly associated with lichen sclerosus? _____

Answer: Postmenopausal women

Extra: Watch Vulvar & Vaginal Lesions [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-vulvar-and-vaginal-lesions?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 153: Maternal ITP may cause short-lived thrombocytopenia in offspring since _____ can cross the placenta

Answer: anti-platelet IgG

Extra: Watch Quantitative Platelet Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-coagulopathies-and-platelet-disorders-quantitative-platelet-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/platelets?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/heme-onc/hemostasis/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 154: _____ is a complication of pregnancy that occurs when fetal vessels run over, or in close proximity to, the cervical os

Answer: Vasa previa

Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathology-of-pregnancy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 155: A(n) _____ hydatidiform mole does not contain fetal tissue

Answer: complete

Flashcard 156: What is the most common site for an ectopic pregnancy? (specific) _____

Answer: Ampulla of the fallopian tube

Flashcard 157: Primary ovarian insufficiency is associated with _____ abnormalities, especially in those younger than 30

Answer: chromosomal

Flashcard 158: What physical symptom do complete moles, partial moles, and choriocarcinoma all share? _____

Answer: Vaginal bleeding

Extra: * Typo in first pic on left (should say partial mole) Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 159: What is the first-line diagnostic test for ovarian torsion? _____

Answer: Pelvic ultrasound

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=22] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 160: What pregnancy complication is associated with painless third trimester bleeding with fetal bradycardia (HR <110bpm)? _____

Answer: Vasa previa

Flashcard 161: Congenital transmission of Zika virus can result in _____ or miscarriages

Answer: microcephaly

Extra: Watch Flaviviridae overview [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-flaviviridae-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki

Flashcard 162: Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome have increased risk of _____ carcinoma, secondary to unopposed effects of estrogen

Answer: endometrial

Extra: *(Estro-grow right next to endometrial cancer crab) Watch Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) & Endometriosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-uterine-and-vulvovaginal-disorders-abnormal-uterine-bleeding-aub-and-endometriosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 163: Premature _____ failure presents with symptoms of menopause after puberty but before age 40

Answer: ovarian

Extra: Watch Hypothalamic & Pituitary Dysfunction Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-dysfunction-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-male-gu-testicular-disorders-and-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki

Flashcard 164: Hirsutism, male-pattern baldness, and increased muscle mass may be seen in females with _____

Answer: PCOS

Extra: * due to hyperandrogenism Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 165: Pregnant women with anti-SSA antibodies are at risk for delivering babies with neonatal _____ and congenital heart block

Answer: lupus

Extra: Watch Autoimmune Disease Overview & Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-immunology/videos/medical-pathophysiology-immunology-autoimmune-and-amyloidosis-autoimmune-disease-overview-and-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-sle?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki SLE can also increase risk of preterm birth, pre-eclampsia, IUGR (small/early). Atlas:

Flashcard 166: A(n) _____ hydatidiform mole is associated with very little increased risk of choriocarcinoma

Answer: partial

Extra: more common in complete moles (20%) Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 167: Hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction may cause secondary _____ due to lack of GnRH and LH/FSH

Answer: amenorrhea

Extra: Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 168: Which type of Vulvar Carcinoma is typically seen in women of reproductive age? _____-related

Answer: HPV

Extra: Watch Human papillomavirus (Papillomaviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-human-papillomavirus-papillomaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Vulvar & Vaginal Lesions [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-human-papillomavirus-papillomaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/dna-viruses/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 169: Ectopic pregnancies within the _____ have the highest risk of tubal rupture

Answer: isthmus

Flashcard 170: Hypertension with proteinuria occurring before 20 weeks of pregancy is consistent with _____

Answer: molar pregnancies

Flashcard 171: Which gestational disorder may present with minimal vaginal bleeding, focal pain, and a distended uterus with high-frequency contractions? _____

Answer: Concealed placental abruption

Extra: * Bleeding DOES occur, but blood is trapped between fetal membranes and uterine wall Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 172: The classic presentation of ectopic pregnancy is _____ pain weeks after a missed period (amenorrhea)

Answer: lower quadrant abdominal

Flashcard 173: What is the most common tumor in females? _____

Answer: Leiomyoma (fibroid)

Flashcard 174: What pregnancy complication is associated with painless third trimester bleeding without fetal bradycardia? _____

Answer: Placenta previa

Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathology-of-pregnancy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 175: What pregnancy complication may be treated with benzodiazepines? _____

Answer: Eclampsia (not first line)

Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Benzodiazepines, flumazenil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-sedative-hypnotics-benzodiazepines-flumazenil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/psychiatry/videos/substance-misuse?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 176: _____ uterus is a common anomaly of the uterus due to incomplete resorption of the septum

Answer: Septate

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 177: What hematologic pathology may cause increased fetal cardiac output with resultant polyhydramnios? _____

Answer: Fetal anemia

Extra: Watch Polyhydramnios & Oligohydramnios [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-polyhydramnios-and-oligohydramnios?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Polyhydramnios & Oligohydramnios [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-polyhydramnios-and-oligohydramnios?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 178: Uterus _____ is an anomaly of the uterus due to complete failure of lateral fusion of the müllerian ducts, leading to double uterus, vagina, and cervix

Answer: didelphys

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 179: Tubal ligation, endometriosis and PID increase the risk of _____

Answer: ectopic pregnancy

Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 180: Will Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn occur on the first pregnancy? _____

Answer: No

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 181: Endometrial polyps are benign polyps that often present with _____ without uterine enlargement

Answer: intermenstrual spotting

Flashcard 182: What level of proteinuria is required to make a diagnosis of preeclampsia? _____

Answer: ≥ 300 mg/day

Flashcard 183: Abnormal uterine bleeding is further subcategorized by PALM-COEIN; with Non-structural causes including: - C_____ - Ovulatory dysfunction - Endometrial - Iatrogenic - Not yet classified

Answer: oagulopathy

Flashcard 184: To remember the drugs that are safe to treat hypertension in pregnancy: H___ L_ M_ N___

Answer: ydralazine

Extra: #REF! https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki

Flashcard 185: If undiagnosed at birth, an imperforate hymen presents with _____ and cyclic abdominal / pelvic pain due to accumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina / uterus

Answer: primary amenorrhea

Flashcard 186: Placenta previa presents with painless _____ trimester bleeding

Answer: third

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 187: Primary amenorrhea due to ovarian dysfunction presents with _ FSH levels and _ LH levels

Answer: increased

Extra: * due to decreased negative feedback on the hypothalamus & anterior pituitary Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Amenorrhea [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-amenorrhea?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 188: Is it possible for monozygotic twins to have two different biological sexes? _____

Answer: No

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 189: Nifedipine is a dihydropyridine CCB that is used to treat hypertension during _____

Answer: pregnancy

Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Watch Calcium channel blockers [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-antihypertensives-calcium-channel-blockers?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/vasodilation-and-vasoconstriction?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki

Flashcard 190: _____ cystadenoma is a benign tumor lined with fallopian tube-like epithelium; often bilateral

Answer: Serous

Extra: * may be benign or malignant Watch Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-ovarian-cysts-and-epithelial-ovarian-cancer?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 191: Age extremes <15 or >35, previous miscarriage, history of _, and *infertility are risk factors for _

Answer: molar pregnancy

Flashcard 192: Posterior urethral valve may cause _____ due to obstruction of fetal urinary output and severe amniotic fluid reduction

Answer: oligohydramnios

Extra: Watch Hydronephrosis & Urinary Tract Obstruction [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-urinary-tract-obstruction-hydronephrosis-and-urinary-tract-obstruction?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/anatomy-and-embryology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology?ref=anki

Flashcard 193: What reproductive pathology is characterized by decidualized endometrium only (e.g. dilated, coiled endometrial glands, vascularized edematous stroma)? _____

Answer: Ectopic pregnancy

Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Tubulointerstitial Nephritis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-acute-kidney-injury-tubulointerstitial-nephritis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 194: Endometriosis spread to the Pouch of Douglas (posterior cul-de-sac) can present with _____ and painful intercourse

Answer: dyschezia (pain with defecation)

Flashcard 195: What is the vulvar counterpart of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)? _____

Answer: Vulvular intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN 1-3)

Extra: * should say: - More than TWO-THIRD dysplastic leaves: VIN 2 is moderate dysplasia involving the lower two-thirds of the epithelium - VIN 3 is SEVERE dysplasia involving MORE THAN TWO-THIRDS or full thickness of the epithelium https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 196: Endometriosis spread to the uterosacral ligaments can result in a fixed, _____ uterus

Answer: retroverted

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/female-pathology?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 197: The primary abnormality in Potter sequence is _____-hydramnios

Answer: oligo

Flashcard 198: What is the effect of multiple gestations (e.g. twins, triplets) on hCG levels? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 199: HSV prophylaxis is important for _____ with active recurrent genital herpes

Answer: pregnant women

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 200: What demographic is most commonly affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome)? _____

Answer: Obese, young women

Extra: * Obese young women with manly features holding androgen trowels Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki

Flashcard 201: What is most commonly the effect of teratogens during the weeks 3-8 of gestation? _____

Answer: Organ malformation

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 202: Absolute contraindications to OCPs include: - prior / family history of _____ - history of a(n) estrogen dependent tumor - women over 35 who smoke heavily

Answer: stroke

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki

Flashcard 203: Hydatidiform mole presents with uterine _____ more than expected for the date of gestation

Answer: enlargement

Extra: Watch Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-hydatidiform-mole-and-choriocarcinoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 204: Corticosteroids are important for fetal _____ production and overall lung development

Answer: surfactant

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology?ref=anki

Flashcard 205: In Potter sequence, oligohydramnios causes _____ of the developing fetus

Answer: compression

Flashcard 206: Risk factors for placenta previa include _ and prior _

Answer: multiparity

Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathology-of-pregnancy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki Cervical os becomes the best place for placenta to attach after "other parts" of the uterus are "used up" or scarred up

Flashcard 207: What is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in females? _____

Answer: Dysgerminoma

Flashcard 208: Patients with PCOS may have _ and _ due to anovulation from failed follicular maturation

Answer: infertility

Flashcard 209: What may be the cause of RUQ pain in preeclampsia? _____

Answer: Liver swelling (stretches liver capsule)

Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 210: Hemorrhage into a corpus luteum can result in a(n) _____, especially during early pregnancy

Answer: hemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst

Flashcard 211: Spontaneous abortion is most often due to _ anomalies, especially _

Answer: chromosomal

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 212: In addition to caudal regression syndrome, maternal diabetes may result in congenital _____ defects, neural tube defects, macrosomia, and neonatal hypoglycemia in newborns

Answer: heart

Extra: * "fetal macrosomia" is used to describe a newborn who's significantly larger than average Watch Right to Left Shunts [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-congenital-heart-disease-right-to-left-shunts?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki

Flashcard 213: Assuming RhoGam is not given, the first time a mother is Rh- and delivers a Rh+ fetus, the mother will form what substance? _____

Answer:

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 214: Poor maternal glucose control leads to excessive transplacental _____ transfer to the fetus

Answer: glucose

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 215: Leiomyoma (fibroid) is related to _____ exposure

Answer: estrogen

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki Green overlay: leiomyoma tissue; transverse section White overlay: leiomyoma tissue; longitudinal section Black arrows: mitotic figure White arrows: blood vessels Uterine leiomyoma Limited assessment possible as only one image is accessible: This image is of a transvaginal ultrasound, whereby the transducer is positioned near the cervix and the sound waves are sent cranially, resulting in a sagittal section of the uterine corpus (D) and cervix (C). The endometrium (A) lies central in the uterus and is termed endometrial stripe in ultrasound. There are three suspected myomas (B) in the myometrium, with both cranially located myomas heterogeneous and hypoechoic and the myoma at the bottom of the image demonstrating calcifications.

Flashcard 216: Patients who are undergoing IVF with ovulation induction (ex. hCG therapy) are rarely at risk of developing _____ syndrome

Answer: ovarian hyperstimulation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 217: _____ twins arise from 1 fertilized egg (1 egg + 1 sperm) that splits in early pregnancy

Answer: Monozygotic (“identical”)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 218: _____ is the presence of too much amniotic fluid and may be associated with fetal malformations (e.g. esophageal or duodenal atresia due to inability to swallow)

Answer: Polyhydramnios

Flashcard 219: Why does PCOS increase the risk of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer? _____

Answer: Exposure to estrogen only, without progesterone

Extra: * Estrogen without progesterone -> no ovulation -> no luteal phase -> no corpus luteum to secrete progesterone Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Repro Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-reproductive-hormones-and-ovarian-disorders-reproductive-hormones-overview-and-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 220: The presence of cord entanglement is indicative of _____ twins

Answer: monoamniotic

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 221: _____ is pregnancy-induced hypertension with proteinuria or end-organ dysfunction after 20th week of gestation

Answer: Preeclampsia

Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathology-of-pregnancy?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 222: The average age of presentation of endometrial carcinoma from the hyperplasia pathway is _____ years old

Answer: 60

Flashcard 223: HELLP syndrome is a manifestation of severe _____ that presents with hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets

Answer: preeclampsia

Extra: Watch Gestational Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-gu/videos/medical-pathophysiology-reproductive-and-gu-gestational-disorders-gestational-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical]Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathology-of-pregnancy?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 224: In cases of heavy menstrual bleeding, Abnormal uterine bleeding can be treated with _____ therapy or NSAIDS / tranexamic acid

Answer: hormone

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/abnormal-uterine-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 225: A mnemonic used to remember the infectious agents which may cross the placenta and cause congenital infection is ToRCHeS: Toxoplasmosis Rubella CMV HIV Herpes virus _____ VZV Parvovirus

Answer: Syphilis (treponema pallidum)

Extra: Watch Treponema pallidum [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-spirochetes-treponema-pallidum?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 226: What is a possible complication of monochorionic twins as a result of anastamosis? _____

Answer: Twin-twin transfusion syndrome

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/pathology-of-pregnancy?index=7] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 227: Anovulatory cycle is a menstrual cycle that lacks _____

Answer: ovulation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 228: Rotation of the ovary around the _____ ligament causes ovarian torsion

Answer: infundibulopelvic

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/reproduction/videos/fetal-development?index=22] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 229: Continuous (not pulsatile) _____ agonists may be used to treat adenomyosis (endometriosis in the myometrium)

Answer: GnRH

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 230: _____term pregnancy increases the risk for meconium-stained amniotic fluid

Answer: Post

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 231: Gestational diabetes is managed with _____

Answer: insulin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 232: "Zygotic" = # of ___ "Chorionic" = # of _ "Amniotic" = # of ___

Answer: fertilizations

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 233: HIV transmission in pregnancy depends on maternal _____

Answer: viral load

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 234: What is the recommended management for a pregnant patient with no history of preterm labor and a short cervix (≤ 2 cm) on TVUS? _____

Answer: Vaginal progesterone

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 235: Late- and post-term pregnancies are commonly complicated by _____

Answer: oligohydramnios

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 236: _____

Answer: Dichorionic-diamniotic twins

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 237: What is the recommended management for a hemodynamically stable patient with an ectopic pregnancy? _____

Answer: Methotrexate

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 238: What is the recommended management for a hemodynamically unstable patient with a suspected ectopic pregnancy? _____

Answer: Surgical exploration

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 239: Which is the only deceleration on contraction stress testing (CST) that's worrisome? _____

Answer: Late deceleration

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 240: What birth weight is considered macrosomia? _____

Answer: > 4000 to 4500 grams (or 9 to 10 pounds)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 241: Woman with lower abdominal pain, amenorrhea, vaginal bleeding and history of STI is suggestive of _____

Answer: ectopic pregnancy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 242: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with primary amenorrhea and the following physical exam: normal ovaries, pubic hair, breast development, and absent uterus/upper vagina? _____

Answer: Müllerian agenesis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 243: Unstable ectopic is managed with _ Stable ectopic is managed with _

Answer: surgery

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 244: Endometriosis = _____ fertility

Answer: decreased

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 245: One contraindication to exercise during pregnancy is cervical _____

Answer: insufficiency

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 246: What is the recommended management for a pregnant patient with history of preterm labor and a normal cervix (> 2.5 cm) on TVUS? _____

Answer: IM progesterone with serial cervical length measurements until 24 weeks

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 247: Short interpregnancy interval is a risk factor for _____

Answer: preterm labor

Extra:

Flashcard 248: What is the first-line treatment for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy? _____

Answer: Ursodeoxycholic acid

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 249: Can image-guided biopsy be used for diagnosis of a patient with a malignant adnexal mass? _____

Answer: No

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 250: Thrombocytopenia in severe eclampsia is a contraindication to expectant management _____

Answer: T

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 251: What is the likely diagnosis in a pregnant patient that presents with painless third-trimester bleeding with bradycardia on fetal heart tracing? _____

Answer: Vasa previa

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 252: _____ is an obstetric malignancy that is often indistinguishable from a leiomyoma

Answer: Uterine sarcoma

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 253: What is the best mode of delivery of a pregnant woman infected with HSV? _____ delivery after onset of labor, before rupture of membranes

Answer: C section

Extra:

Flashcard 254: Vaginal atresia of the upper 1/3 of the vagina is caused by _____

Answer: Müllerian agenesis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 255: A short interpregnancy interval predisposes to: - Maternal _____ - Preterm labor/PPROM → low birth weight

Answer: anemia

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 256: _____ is recommended within 1 days of exposure in all non-immune pregnant women who have been exposed to persons with VZV

Answer: VariZIG

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 257: Medical treatment options for fibroids includes _____, progestins, LNG IUDs, and GnRH agonists

Answer: COCs

Extra:

Flashcard 258: Mature cystic teratomas are common causes of premenopausal adnexal masses and have an elevated risk of _____ due to their heterogenous composition

Answer: torsion

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 259: Asherman syndrome (intrauterine synechiae) is often the result of intrauterine surgery (e.g. myomectomy or overaggressive _____)

Answer: dilation and curettage (D&C)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 260: Preeclampsia without severe features is managed with delivery at _____

Answer: >37 weeks

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 261: What is the next step in management for a hemodynamically stable young woman with RLQ pain and a β-hCG level of 1000 IU/L? Transvaginal ultrasound reveals no intrauterine or extrauterine pregnancy. _____

Answer: Repeat serum β-hCG in 2 days

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 262: What is the likely diagnosis in a young woman that presents with chronic pelvic pain, especially with exercise, and a homogenous cystic ovarian mass on ultrasound? _____

Answer: Ovarian endometrioma (secondary to endometriosis)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 263: Preeclampsia without severe features = deliver at _ weeks Preeclampsia with severe features = deliver at _ weeks

Answer: 37

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 264: What is the first step in evaluating risk of preterm delivery in a patient with a history of cervical surgery (e.g. cold knife conization)? _____

Answer: Transvaginal ultrasound measurement of cervical length in the 2nd trimester

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 265: How do you treat GBS (intrapartum)? First-line: _____ Second-line: Cefazolin Third-line: Clindamycin Last-line: Vancomycin

Answer: Ampicillin/PCN

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 266: The historical clues for differentiating secondary dysmenorrhea from primary are: 1. Onset at age _____ 2. Non midline pain 3. No other menstrual symptoms 4. Abnormal uterine bleeding 5. Dyspareunia or dyschezia 6. Symptom progression over time

Answer: > 25

Extra:

Flashcard 267: Can ITP antibodies cross the placenta? _____

Answer: Yes, and lead to thrombocytopenia

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 268: PPROM = _____ doses of corticosteroids

Answer: 2

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 269: What is the most common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)? _____

Answer: Anovulatory cycles

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 270: Elevated AFP and oligohydramnios = _____

Answer: Gastroschisis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 271: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) must include 2/3 of: 1. Clinical or biochemical evidence of ___ 2. _ 3. ___ on ultrasound or histology

Answer: ↑ androgens (acne/hirsutism)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 272: What is the likely cause of hydrops fetalis in a pregnant woman with O- blood and a positive indirect Coombs test? _____

Answer: Rh(D) alloimmunization

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/alloimmunization/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 273: Increased creatinine or LFTs classifies pre-eclampsia as _____

Answer: severe

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 274: How do you work up anatomical causes of infertility? _____

Answer: Hysterosalpingogram

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 275: Postterm pregnancy > 42 weeks with a favorable cervix is managed with _____

Answer: induction of labor

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 276: Can uteroplacental insufficiency lead to fetal growth restriction even if neonate is delivered at term? _____

Answer: Yes

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 277: _____ diabetes mellitus = congenital defects

Answer: Pre-gestational

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 278: What is the likely diagnosis in this patient with vulvar itchiness, intermittent bleeding, and a unifocal, friable mass on the labia majora? _____

Answer: Vulvar cancer

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 279: What does this hysterosalpingogram show? _____

Answer: Fibroid

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 280: What ovarian tumor is associated with estrogen secretion? _____

Answer: Granulosa cell tumor

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 281: What BP defines preeclampsia with severe features? _____

Answer: >160/110 mm Hg

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 282: What is the treatment for mild twin to twin transfusion syndrome? _____

Answer: Expectant management

Extra:

Flashcard 283: What is a common side effect of levonorgestrel-containing IUD? _____

Answer: Amenorrhea

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 284: Karyotyping of a fetus prior to delivery is obtained through a(n) _____

Answer: amniocentesis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/advanced-prenatal-evaluation/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 285: How do you manage placental previa? Diagnose: _ Treat: _

Answer: ultrasound (transverse lie)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 286: Ectopic pregnancies are confirmed with _ and treated with _

Answer: ultrasound

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 287: Patients with müllerian agenesis lack ovaries _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 288: Androgen insensitivity syndrome is characterized by an absent uterus, cervix, and upper vagina due to normal production of _____

Answer: anti-müllerian hormone (MIF)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 289: What is the treatment for pre-eclampsia with severe features, eclampsia, or HELLP syndrome? _____

Answer: Magnesium and delivery

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 290: _____

Answer: B

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 291: Patients at high risk for preeclampsia (e.g. multiple gestation) are initiated on _____ prophylaxis for preeclampsia

Answer: low-dose aspirin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 292: Phenytoin and woman who wants to get pregnant with low risk of seizure recurrence is managed with _____

Answer: slowly tapering phenytoin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/medical-disease/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 293: What is the likely diagnosis in a newborn with thin, loose skin, a thin umbilical cord, and a wide anterior fontanel? _____

Answer: Fetal growth restriction

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 294: Any kind of _____ anomaly (septate, bicornuate, didelphys) can increase the risk of preterm labor, ectopic pregnancy, and cervical incompetence

Answer: uterine

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 295: HELLP syndrome is a severe version of pre-eclampsia that includes: _____

Answer: Hemolysis Elevated Liver enzymes Low Platelets

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 296: Proper _____ is a good way to prevent premature low birth-weight babies in twin gestation

Answer: weight gain

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 297: Infection with _____ increases risk of vulvar cancer

Answer: HPV

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 298: What is the next step in the management of a pregnant patient with a finding of AEDV or REDV in umbilical artery doppler? _____

Answer: Urgent delivery

Extra:

Flashcard 299: What is the next line in the management of a patient with a previous history of preterm labor and has a short cervix on TVUS? _____

Answer: Progesterone and cervical cerclage

Extra:

Flashcard 300: IUGR fetuses should be monitored 1-2 times _____ with non-stress tests (NST), biophysical profile, amniotic fluid index (AFI), and umbilical artery doppler

Answer: weekly

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 301: Placenta implants across cervical os, leading to baby bleeding when the cervical os dilates is suggestive of _____

Answer: placenta previa

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 302: Risk factors for placenta accreta include history of _ delivery or _ and advanced maternal age

Answer: cesarean

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 303: The absence of bleeding following a progestin withdrawal challenge may be indicative of low _____ levels or lack of an endometrial lining to bleed from

Answer: estrogen

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/secondary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 304: What is the treatment for pregnancy luteomas? _____

Answer: Observation only

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 305: Can exploratory laparotomy be used for diagnosis of a patient with a malignant adnexal mass? _____

Answer: Yes

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 306: Why is an ovarian torsion a complication of cystic teratoma? _____

Answer: Variable mass densities cause intrinsically unstable suspension across the infundibulopelvic ligaments

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 307: Hypertension increases the risk of superimposed preeclampsia, abruptio placentae, _____, preterm labor, and stillbirth

Answer: fetal growth restriction

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 308: Folic acid in low-risk patients = _ Folic acid in high-risk patients = _

Answer: 0.4 mg

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/genetic-screening/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 309: Painful genital lesions with well-demarcated borders and painful inguinal lymphadenopathy (right) is suggestive of _____

Answer: chancroid

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/genital-ulcers/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 310: What is the recommended treatment for a patient with ovarian torsion? _____

Answer: Urgent surgical detorsion and ovarian cystectomy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 311: Which cancer presents as a "grape-like mass" in the vagina? _____

Answer: Sarcoma botyroides (type of vaginal cancer)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 312: Seizures and pregnancy = _ or _

Answer: lamotrigine

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/medical-disease/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 313: What is the likely diagnosis in a hemodynamically unstable patient with a gestational sac in the uterine cornu and free fluid in the posterior cul-de-sac on transvaginal ultrasound? _____

Answer: Ruptured ectopic pregnancy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 314: _____ twins may be of different sexes

Answer: Dizygotic

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 315: The non-structural causes of vaginal bleeding can be remembered with the mnemonic, COEIN: C___ O_ E_ I___ Not yet classified

Answer: oagulopathy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 316: Patients with severe features of PID should be evaluated with a(n) TVUS to exclude _____

Answer: tubo-ovarian abscess

Extra:

Flashcard 317: Closed cervical os and no parts on ultrasound is suggestive of _____

Answer: complete abortion

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 318: One of the features of endometriosis is dyspareunia, which is worse with _____

Answer: deep penetration

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 319: A complete hydatidiform mole is p57 _____ on immunostaining

Answer: negative

Extra:

Flashcard 320: Primary amenorrhea and (-) Uterus → _____

Answer: karyotype

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 321: What is the likely diagnosis in a premenopausal woman that presents with adnexal fullness and an ovarian cyst with calcifications and hyperechoic nodules on ultrasound? _____

Answer: Dermoid ovarian cyst (mature cystic teratoma)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 322: Elevated CA-125 in a(n) _____-menopausal woman is concerning for cancer

Answer: post

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 323: _____ dysmenorrhea is characterized by midline pelvic pain

Answer: Primary

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 324: One of the risk factors of spontaneous abortion is prior _____

Answer: pregnancy loss

Extra:

Flashcard 325: Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is recommended throughout pregnancy for HIV (+) moms _____

Answer: T

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 326: The most significant risk factors for vaginal squamous cell carcinoma are _ and _

Answer: smoking

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 327: Twin pregnancies are often delivered at _____ weeks

Answer: 37

Extra:

Flashcard 328: How does prior C-section and placenta previa change the risk of placenta accreta? _____

Answer: Increase

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 329: What is the next best step in working up a hemodynamically stable female patient presents with vaginal bleeding and a positive urine pregnancy test? _____

Answer: Transvaginal ultrasound

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 330: In twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS): _ twin = polycythemia, polyhydramnios _ twin = anemia, growth retardation, oligohydramnios

Answer: Recipient

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 331: When are antibiotics indicated for PPROM? _____

Answer: Always

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 332: What is management of severe pre-eclampsia if > 34 weeks? _____

Answer: Deliver and Mg

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 333: Human placental lactogen is a type of _____tropin

Answer: somatomammo

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 334: Abnormal uterine bleeding is _____ during menarche and menopause

Answer: normal

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 335: Risk factors for placenta previa include _ and prior _

Answer: multiparity

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 336: How do you treat ectopic pregnancy? Unruptured, early: ___ Unruptured, advanced: _ Ruptured: ___

Answer: methotrexate

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 337: Twins share both the placenta and amniotic sac = _-chorionic, _-amniotic

Answer: mono

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 338: What is the first-line test/imaging study to evaluate infertility in a patient with a history of pelvic inflammatory disease? _____

Answer: Hysterosalpingogram

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 339: Which twin classification(s) is associated with umbilical cord entanglement as a complication? _____

Answer: Monozygotic monochorionic monoamniotic

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 340: In vitro fertilization and fundus higher than expected for dates is suggestive of _____

Answer: multiple gestation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki (D)

Flashcard 341: Ursodeoxycholic acid is used to treat which pregnancy complication? _____

Answer: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 342: What two surveillance measures should be done beginning at 41 weeks gestation? _____

Answer: NST Amniotic fluid monitoring

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 343: Twin-twin transfusion syndrome = mono-_ Umbilical cord entanglement = mono-_

Answer: chorionic

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 344: What is the potential complication of intrauterine fetal demise that is retained in utero for several weeks? _____

Answer: Coagulopathy (e.g. DIC)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 345: Treatment of incompetent cervix leading to repeated second-trimester pregnancy losses: _____

Answer: cerclage at 14 weeks

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/ob-operations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 346: Amphetamine abuse during pregnancy is associated with fetal _____

Answer: growth restriction

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Flashcard 347: A(n) _____ hydatidiform mole is characterized by 46 chromosomes

Answer: complete

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Flashcard 348: Treatment for newborn infant if mother displays symptoms of varicella < 5 days before delivery is _____

Answer: varicella IVIG

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Flashcard 349: Unstable spontaneous abortion is managed with _ Stable spontaneous abortion is managed with _

Answer: suction curettage

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Flashcard 350: How is ectopic pregnancy diagnosed? _____

Answer: Quantitative β-hCG Ultrasound

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 351: What is the likely diagnosis in a woman that presents with infertility and chronic pelvic pain with a fixed, immobile uterus on physical exam? _____

Answer: Endometriosis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 352: Asherman syndrome is characterized by _ FSH and _ estrogen levels

Answer: normal

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/secondary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 353: What is the most common cause of fetal demise? _____

Answer: Idiopathic

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Flashcard 354: Patients with PCOS may have _____ due to anovulation from failed follicular maturation

Answer: infertility

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Flashcard 355: Nulliparity and extremes of age (<20 or > 40) _____ the risk for pre-eclampsia

Answer: increase

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 356: _____ agenesis = primary amenorrhea in females with developed secondary sexual characteristics

Answer: Müllerian

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 357: Risk factors for gestational diabetes include prior _____, fetal macrosomia, recurrent pregnancy loss

Answer: gestational diabetes

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 358: In ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, overexpression of _____ leads to increased vascular permeability and capillary leakage

Answer: VEGF

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 359: What is the recommended management for a pregnant woman with a suspected theca luteum cyst secondary to a complete molar pregnancy? _____

Answer: Suction curettage of the hydatidiform mole

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 360: What is the likely cause of hydrops fetalis in a pregnant woman with O- blood and a negative indirect Coombs test? _____

Answer: Parvovirus B19

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 361: Which of the following confers an increased risk of preterm delivery? _____

Answer: Cold knife conization

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Flashcard 362: Endometrial _____ are associated with unopposed estrogen

Answer: polyps

Extra:

Flashcard 363: When is delivery indicated in an IUGR fetus with oligohydramnios or abnormal doppler velocimetry of umbilical artery? _____

Answer: 36 weeks

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 364: A partial hydatidiform mole is p57 _____ on immunostaining

Answer: positive

Extra:

Flashcard 365: _____ leads to infertility with normal menses

Answer: Decreased ovarian reserve

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 366: Carneous degeneration of uterine fibroids may present with uterine _____, fundal tenderness, tender mass, and leukocytosis

Answer: contractions

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Flashcard 367: What is the next step in management for a pregnant woman with a high pretest probability for PE and a low-probability V/Q scan? _____

Answer: Additional testing (e.g. CTA)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 368: Tamoxifen = ↑ risk of endometrial _____ in premenopausal women

Answer: polyps

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 369: Management of a mother with HBV consists of: ___ and Administration of _ and ___ to baby at time of delivery

Answer: Planned C-section

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Flashcard 370: Infertility and history of irregular menses = _____

Answer: anovulation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 371: A postpartum mother with hepatitis infection wants to know if she is able to breastfeed? _____

Answer: Yes; Hep B and C are not contraindicated

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 372: What is the management of a pregnant patient with a positive antibody testing of parvovirus B19 > 20 weeks of gestation? _____

Answer: Weekly ultrasounds

Extra:

Flashcard 373: Twin pregnancies are divided into mono_ and di_ pregnancies

Answer: zygotic

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 374: Twin pregnancies increase the risk for spontaneous _____ labor because of uterine crowding and overdistension

Answer: preterm

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 375: What class of drugs is known to prevent ovarian cancer? _____

Answer: OCPs

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 376: What is the most common complication of twin pregnancies? _____

Answer: Preterm delivery

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 377: Polycystic ovarian syndrome often presents in young, obese women with _ and symptoms of _ excess

Answer: oligo- or amenorrhea

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 378: How is the uterus and adnexa described in a patient with endometriosis? _____

Answer: Fixed, immobile uterus w/ ± adnexal masses (d/t ectopic glands and stroma)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 379: _____

Answer:

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 380: What is the treatment for a pregnant woman infected with HSV? _____

Answer: Acyclovir for 7 to 10 days

Extra:

Flashcard 381: What are the first-line antihypertensive agents that can be given during pregnancy? 1. ___ 2. _ 3. _ 4. ___

Answer: α-methyldopa (for long-term treatment)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/medical-disease/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 382: What is management of a biophysical profile of 8? _____

Answer: Normal (8-10) Can repeat in a week

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 383: What is the next best step in working up a pregnant woman (as per UPT) who comes in with vaginal bleeding, an equivocal transvaginal ultrasound, and a β-hCG quantitative test <1500? _ and diagnose IUP if _

Answer: Repeat hCG testing in 48 hrs

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 384: All forms of poorly controlled maternal diabetes are associated with increased risk of fetal lung _____, preterm delivery, and macrosomia

Answer: immaturity

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Flashcard 385: Sinusoidal pattern indicates severe fetal _____

Answer: anemia

Extra:

Flashcard 386: Fetal complications of maternal hypertension include oligohydramnios, preterm delivery, and fetal _____

Answer: growth restriction

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 387: Fluid-filled endometrial cavity with no gestational sac and lower than expected increase in β-hCG levels is suggestive of _____

Answer: ectopic

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Flashcard 388: _____ has risk of Ebstein anomaly

Answer: Lithium exposure in utero

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 389: What is the best next step in management of a patient w/ AUB who failed medical management (e.g. OCPs)? _____

Answer: Endometrial biopsy (for eval of hyperplasia/cancer)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 390: ↑↑↑ hCG = _____ hydatidiform mole

Answer: complete

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 391: Gestational hypertension or eclampsia diagnosis starts > _____ weeks

Answer: 20

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 392: What is the most likely diagnosis in a female patient with postcoital bleeding, inguinal lymphadenopathy, and an ulcerative cervical lesion? _____

Answer: Cervical cancer

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 393: Placental site trophoblastic tumor secretes _____ amounts of hCG

Answer: low

Extra:

Flashcard 394: During the surveillance period following removal of a hydatidiform mole, patients must take _____ for 6 months

Answer: contraceptives

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 395: First trimester pregnancy loss is largely _ in origin and most commonly caused by _

Answer: fetal

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 396: What is the recommended management for a pregnant patient with history of >2 prior consecutive, painless, second-trimester losses? _____

Answer: IM progesterone and cerclage at 14 weeks

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/ob-operations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 397: Patients with placenta previa should be advised to avoid _____

Answer: sexual intercourse

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 398: Ovarian cancer and SOB and abdominal distension is due to presence of _____

Answer: ascites

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 399: After 20 weeks of pregnancy, an increased flow caught by intracranial doppler is indicative of _____

Answer: fetal anemia

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/advanced-prenatal-evaluation/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 400: What is the initial management for a hemodynamically unstable pregnant patient that presents with abruptio placentae following a motor vehicle accident? _____

Answer: IV fluid resuscitation and left lateral decubitus positioning

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 401: What is the likely diagnosis in an adolescent girl at 15 weeks gestation that presents with symptoms of preeclampsia with severe features? _____

Answer: Hydatidiform molar pregnancy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 402: The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is made by a pregnancy test combined with _____

Answer: transvaginal ultrasound

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 403: What notable indication is cerclage used for? _____

Answer: Cervical insufficiency

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/ob-operations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 404: A risk factor for intrauterine fetal demise is _____ hemorrhage

Answer: fetomaternal

Extra:

Flashcard 405: Advanced maternal age is a risk factors for fetal growth restriction _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 406: Antenatally diagnosed placenta accreta is delivered by planned _____

Answer: cesarean hysterectomy

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Flashcard 407: Preeclampsia is defined as hypertension with _ or _ after the 20th week of gestation

Answer: proteinuria

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 408: What is the recommended treatment for a pregnant woman with antiphospholipid syndrome? _____

Answer: Aspirin and LMW heparin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 409: Which pregnancies require weekly antepartum fetal surveillance starting at 32 weeks? _____

Answer: Pregnancies with maternal comorbidities or fetal conditions

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 410: Placental sulfatase deficiency is a risk factor for _____-term delivery

Answer: post

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Flashcard 411: What is the likely diagnosis in a 35-year-old woman that presents with infertility, irregular menses, and hot flashes? _____

Answer: Primary ovarian insufficiency

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 412: What is the likely diagnosis in a 6-month postpartum woman that presents with irregular vaginal bleeding, an enlarged uterus, and dyspnea with multiple infiltrates on CXR? _____

Answer: Choriocarcinoma

Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/embryology/videos/embryonic-period-weeks-3-8?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 413: Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and dyschezia (chronic pelvic pain) is suggestive of _____

Answer: endometriosis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 414: Endometrial polyps typically bleed _____ regular, monthly cycles

Answer: between (intermenstrual spotting)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 415: What is the effect of maternal familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia on the fetal PTH? _____

Answer: Decreased

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 416: Red, friable lesions on the vagina in a person with choriocarcinoma is due to _____

Answer: metastases

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 417: What is the treatment for a pregnant mother with tertiary syphilis? _____

Answer: Three doses of penicillin G IM

Extra:

Flashcard 418: Pre-eclampsia at < 20 weeks gestation with an enlarged uterus be a complication of _____

Answer: hydatidiform mole

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 419: Premature ovarian failure is diagnosed with _____ FSH levels

Answer: increased

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 420: What is the recommended management for a pregnant woman at 37 weeks gestation that presents with placenta previa? _____

Answer: Cesarean delivery

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 421: Tearing of placenta off uterus = _____

Answer: placental abruption

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 422: What is the recommended management for an asymptomatic patient with incidentally discovered endometriosis during an unrelated surgery? _____

Answer: Observation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 423: First-trimester bleeding can occur due to _____, in which the chorion partially detaches from the uterus due to bleeding

Answer: subchorionic hematoma

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 424: Nulliparity is associated with _____ risk of endometrial cancer

Answer: increased

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 425: How do you manage HIV during pregnancy for mom (intrapartum)? Viral load ≥ 1000: ART and _ and Zidovudine (AZT) at time of delivery Unknown HIV status: Zidovudine (AZT) at time of delivery Viral load < 1000: ART and _

Answer: C-section at 38 weeks

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 426: What treatment for preeclampsia has both anti-HTN and anti-epileptic properties? _____

Answer: Magnesium

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 427: Fetal growth restriction is an ultrasound-estimated fetal weight < _____ percentile for gestational age

Answer: 10th

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 428: _ = hair absent _ = hair present

Answer: AIS

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 429: _____ abuse → placental abruption

Answer: Cocaine

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 430: _chorionic twins: Lambda sign _chorionic twins: T-sign

Answer: Di

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 431: _____ is pregnancy-induced hypertension with proteinuria or end-organ dysfunction after 20th week of gestation

Answer: Preeclampsia

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 432: How do you diagnose leiomyoma/adenomyosis? _____

Answer: Pelvic ultrasound

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 433: Maternal diabetes = _____hydramnios

Answer: poly

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/medical-disease/acquire?ref=anki macrosomia, big, lots of fluid.

Flashcard 434: Where is pain located in abruptio placentae? _____

Answer: Abdomen OR back

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 435: _ HTN = sustained > 140/90 before 20 weeks _ HTN ≥ 140/90 after 20 weeks

Answer: Chronic

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 436: HSIL on Pap and pregnancy is managed with _____

Answer: immediate colposcopy +/- biopsy (safe during pregnancy)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 437: Anorexia nervosa/increased exercise is associated with _____ due to loss of pulsatile GnRH secretion from the hypothalamus

Answer: amenorrhea

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/eating-disorders/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 438: What is the most common cause of a non-reactive non-stress test? _____

Answer: Fetal sleep cycle

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 439: What is the mode of transmission of herpes from mother to fetus? _____

Answer: Genital tract lesions

Extra:

Flashcard 440: What is the most appropriate test to determine risk of intrauterine fetal demise in patients with intrauterine growth restriction? _____

Answer: Doppler ultrasound of umbilical artery

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 441: Oligohydramnios is characterized by an amniotic fluid index ≤ _____ cm or a single deepest pocket ≤ 2 cm

Answer: 5

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 442: In severe preeclampsia, headache and vision changes are due to _____

Answer: vasoconstriction of carotid artery branches

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 443: What is the management of a woman with endometrial hyperplasia with atypia shown in her endometrial biopsy? _____

Answer: Hysterectomy

Extra:

Flashcard 444: _____ has ↑ bile acids and itchiness

Answer: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 445: What is the likely diagnosis in a pregnant woman that presents with intense generalized pruritus, especially at night, and elevated aminotransferases? _____

Answer: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki

Flashcard 446: Polyhydramnios is a marker for placental insufficiency _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 447: What is the recommended management for a patient with suspected endometriosis refractory to NSAIDs and OCPs? _____

Answer: Laparoscopy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 448: One of the risk factors of spontaneous abortion is advanced _____ age

Answer: maternal

Extra:

Flashcard 449: Theca-lutein cysts arise due to ovarian hyperstimulation secondary to markedly elevated _____ levels

Answer: β-hCG

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 450: What is the treatment for germ cell cancer in a teenage female? _____

Answer: Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 451: In a pregnant patient, ultrasound findings of intraplacental villous lakes is suggestive of what? _____

Answer: Placenta accreta

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/postpartum-hemorrhage/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 452: Contraindications to _____ tests include contraindications to labor: - placenta previa - prior myomectomy - prior classical c-section

Answer: contraction stress

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 453: Clitoromegaly is an example of _____

Answer: virilization

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 454: _____ fetal growth restriction begins in the second/third trimester and is associated with conditions that cause placental insufficiency (e.g. hypertension, diabetes)

Answer: Asymmetric

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 455: Ultrasound findings consistent with epithelial ovarian carcinoma include a solid mass with thick septations and the presence of _____

Answer: ascites

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 456: - Isoimmunization occurs when a(n) _ mom has a(n) _ baby - On the first exposure she develops IgM that does NOT cross the placenta, leading to nothing; on the subsequent exposure she develops IgG that does crosses the placenta leading to fetal anemia and hydrops

Answer: RhD-

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/alloimmunization/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 457: Hydatidiform mole is managed with _____ to evacuate the uterus

Answer: suction curettage

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 458: Progestin replacement is protective against endometrial hyperplasia _____

Answer: T

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 459: The uterus is generally enlarged in the setting of endometriosis _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 460: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is characterized by _ LH and _ FSH

Answer: high

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 461: Uterine _____ can cause size date discrepency during pregnancy

Answer: fibroids

Extra:

Flashcard 462: _-chorionic twins: Lambda sign _-chorionic twins: T-sign

Answer: Di

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 463: Fetal organomegaly is a potential complication of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and is a result of fetal _____

Answer: hyperinsulinemia

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 464: _____ is a benign tumor of myometrium (smooth muscle); growth is due to estrogen exposure

Answer: Leiomyoma (fibroid)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 465: Sertoli-Leydig tumors produce androgens causing rapid-onset _____ in women

Answer: hirsutism/virilization

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 466: In addition to first trimester screening, high risk patients require repeat screening for _____ in the third trimester

Answer: STIs

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 467: _ fetal growth restriction = due to infections / chromosomal abnormalities in the 1st trimester _ fetal growth restriction = due to uteroplacental insufficiency / malnutrition in the 2nd/3rd trimesters

Answer: Symmetric

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 468: Can IUDs be used when someone has cervicitis? _____

Answer: No

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 469: What are the three first-line drugs for maternal hypertensive crisis (> 160/110)? 1. ___ 2. _ 3. ___

Answer: Labetolol

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki nifedipine CCB hydralazine vasodilator labetalol contraindicated in bradycardia

Flashcard 470: Prior cervical surgery is a risk factor for _____

Answer: preterm labor

Extra:

Flashcard 471: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with primary amenorrhea and the following physical exam: absent uterus/upper vagina with normal lower vagina, minimal pubic hair but present breast development _____

Answer: Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 472: The highest risk of HSV vertical transmission is with _____ infection

Answer: primary

Extra:

Flashcard 473: Migraine with aura is a contraindication to estrogen use _____

Answer: T

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 474: Progressive dyspnea on exertion, cough and mitral regurgitation in late pregnancy is suggestive of _____

Answer: peripartum cardiomyopathy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 475: Ultrasound cervical length measurements are performed in the third trimester in high-risk women _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 476: What level of proteinuria is required to make a diagnosis of preeclampsia? _____

Answer: ≥ 300 mg/day (or a protein/creatinine ratio > 0.3)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 477: Fibroids in women who desire fertility is treated with _____ In women who do not desire fertility its hysterectomy

Answer: myomectomy

Extra:

Flashcard 478: What malignancy must be ruled out in all postmenopausal women with uterine bleeding? _____

Answer: Endometrial carcinoma

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 479: What kind of vaginal exam is indicated in placenta previa? _____

Answer: Speculum examination (involves no risk of cervical penetration)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 480: For third-trimester bleeding , use the PPQRST mnemonic for questions to ask: _____

Answer:

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 481: Placental _____ deficiency can present with maternal virilization during pregnancy

Answer: aromatase

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 482: Why are leiomyomatas more likely to degenerate during pregnancy? _____

Answer: Because myometrial blood flow shifts toward the developing fetus and placenta

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 483: What is the strongest risk factor for preterm delivery? _____

Answer: Preterm delivery in a prior pregnancy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 484: Endometrial cancer is a risk from endometriosis _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 485: When during pregnancy does acute fatty liver of pregnancy occur? _____

Answer: Third trimester or early postpartum period

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 486: Irregular enlargement of uterus is suggestive of _ Enlarged boggy uterus is suggestive of _

Answer: fibroids

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 487: How do you manage patients with itchy vulvar lesions to rule out cancer? _____

Answer: Biopsy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 488: What is the likely diagnosis in a hemodynamically stable patient with vaginal spotting, tenderness in the LLQ, and previous abnormal vaginal discharge? _____

Answer: Ectopic pregnancy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 489: Virilization can be seen in PCOS _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 490: Why is gestational diabetes a risk factor for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)? _____

Answer: Increased insulin prevents surfactant synthesis and lung maturation by interfering with cortisol

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 491: RUQ pain, elevated LFTs, and hypoglycemia/thrombocytopenia in third trimester is suggestive of _____

Answer: AFLP

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Flashcard 492: Sudden-onset unilateral lower abdominal pain after strenuous activity with pelvic free fluid is suggestive of _____

Answer: ruptured ovarian cyst

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 493: Weight loss is recommended adjuvant therapy for treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 494: Potential complications of cervical conization include cervical _____, cervical incontinence, and preterm delivery

Answer: stenosis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 495: What is the first-line treatment for infertility or irregular menstrual cycles in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome? _____

Answer: Weight loss and OCPs

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 496: Failure of an ovarian follicle to rupture may result in follicular _____

Answer: cysts

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 497: Which antidiabetic is used to treat infertility in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)? _____

Answer: Metformin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 498: Genetic issues = _ pregnancy loss Anatomical issues = _ pregnancy loss

Answer: early

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Flashcard 499: Postterm pregnancy → _____hydramnios

Answer: oligo

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Flashcard 500: What procedure offers a definitive diagnosis for endometriosis? _____

Answer: Diagnostic laparoscopy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 501: Closed cervical os with no cardiac activity and no vaginal bleeding is typical of a(n) _____ abortion

Answer: missed

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 502: IUGR is fetal weight below _____ and is most commonly caused by placental insufficiency

Answer: 10th percentile

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 503: Dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, nodularity of uterosacral ligaments -- likely diagnosis? _____

Answer: Endometriosis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 504: A blighted _____ is also known as anembryonic pregnancy (gestational sac without an embryo)

Answer: ovum

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Flashcard 505: "Snowstorm" pattern on uterine ultrasound is suggestive of _____

Answer: complete hydatidiform mole

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 506: A patient presents with uterine bleeding and a cancerous endometrial biopsy. Suspected diagnosis: Adenocarcinoma Treatment: _____

Answer: TAH and BSO

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 507: What is the definitive treatment for pregnant patients with HELLP syndrome? _____

Answer: Delivery

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 508: Is a trial of labor (vaginal delivery) contraindicated in a patient with history of an abdominal myomectomy with uterine cavity entry? _____

Answer: Yes

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 509: Most common cause of heavy, regular menses in adolescents = _____

Answer: von Willebrand disease

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 510: What is the mechanism for why asymptomatic bacteriuria is a risk factor for PPROM? _____

Answer: Proximity of bladder, perineum, and rectum → bacteria can easily migrate between → bacteria spread to vagina and uterus (common in pregnancy)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 511: What is the likely diagnosis in an adolescent female that presents with amenorrhea with a non-palpable uterus and normal-size ovaries on ultrasound? _____

Answer: Müllerian agenesis (Mayer-Rokitanksy-Küster-Hauser syndrome)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 512: Acardia, anencephaly, bilateral renal agenesis, and holoprosencephaly are all examples _____ fetal diagnoses

Answer: nonviable

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Flashcard 513: If a reproductive age female presents with an adnexal mass, it is likely a(n) _____

Answer: cyst

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 514: What are the treatment options for severe cases of polyhydramnios? _____ Indomethacin

Answer: Amnioreduction

Extra:

Flashcard 515: What are target glucose values for pregnant diabetics? Fasting blood sugar: < ___ mg/dL 1-hour post-meal: < _ mg/dL 2-hour post-meal: < ___ mg/dL

Answer: 95

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 516: _____ dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain due to conditions like endometriosis, adenomyosis, fibroids, or PID

Answer: Secondary

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 517: _____ syndrome is secondary amenorrhea due to loss and scarring of the basalis layer of the endometrium

Answer: Asherman

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/secondary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 518: Intermittent pelvic pain along with light vaginal spotting in a young female is suggestive of _____

Answer: pelvic inflammatory disease

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 519: Simple ovarian cysts are usually not treated _____

Answer: T

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 520: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with primary amenorrhea and the following physical exam: absent uterus/upper vagina, minimal pubic hair, and normal lower vagina, breast development? _____

Answer: Androgen insensitivity syndrome

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 521: Meconium aspiration is a complication of polyhydramnios _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 522: Recurrent pregnancy loss may be investigated with maternal _____ studies

Answer: coagulation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 523: Invasive GBS in a prior baby means that the mother should be given _____ in every subsequent pregnancy

Answer: GBS prophylaxis (penicillin)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 524: The pathogenesis of HELLP syndrome involves hepatic and systemic _____, activation of the coagulation cascade, and platelet consumption

Answer: inflammation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 525: HELLP syndrome is a severe version of preeclampsia that includes: _____

Answer: Hemolysis Elevated Liver enzymes Low Platelets

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 526: _____ has worse symptoms (fulminant hepatic failure)

Answer: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 527: What is the next best step in working up a hemodynamically unstable female patient presents with vaginal bleeding and a positive urine pregnancy test? _____

Answer: Immediate surgery consultation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 528: A ruptured ectopic pregnancy typically occurs ~ 1 _____ after their last menstrual period

Answer: month

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki

Flashcard 529: What is the likely diagnosis in a premenopausal woman with heavy menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and a uniformly enlarged, boggy, tender, and globular uterus? _____

Answer: Adenomyosis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 530: What is the treatment for threatened abortion? _____

Answer: Reassurance and follow-up ultrasonography

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 531: Progressive dyspnea on exertion, lower extremity edema and S3 in late pregnancy is managed with _____

Answer: echo

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 532: What is the recommended management for a pregnant patient with no history of preterm labor and a cervix > 2.5 cm on TVUS? _____

Answer: Routine obstetric care

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 533: Painless cervical dilation, in the absence of uterine contractions and/or labor, in the second trimester of pregnancy is suggestive of _____

Answer: cervical incompetence

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 534: The strongest risk factor for preterm labor is prior _____

Answer: preterm labor

Extra:

Flashcard 535: PPROM is rupture of membranes at _____

Answer: <37 weeks

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 536: Preeclampsia with severe features is managed with delivery at _____

Answer: >34 weeks

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 537: After insertion of a progestin-releasing IUD, patients may experience _____ of irregular bleeding due to gradual endometrial thinning

Answer: 3-6 months

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 538: What is the likely diagnosis in a pregnant woman that presents with intense generalized pruritus, especially at night, elevated liver enzymes, and serum bile acids? _____

Answer: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki

Flashcard 539: On transvaginal ultrasound, a(n) _____ is characterized by markedly hyperechoic nodule with shadowing within cystic mass and calcifications

Answer: benign cystic teratoma

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 540: Primary amenorrhea is absence of menarche in girls age > _____ years old with no secondary sexual characteristics

Answer: 13

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 541: What is the recommended management for a pregnant patient with history of preterm labor and a short cervix (≤ 2.5 cm) on TVUS? _____

Answer: IM progesterone and cerclage With serial cervical length measurements until 24 weeks

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/ob-operations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 542: What is the recommended treatment for a hemodynamically stable patient with a ruptured ovarian cyst? _____

Answer: Supportive (e.g. analgesics)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 543: Hormone replacement therapy in women without an intact uterus is _____

Answer: estrogen

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 544: Patients taking combined oral contraceptive pills are at risk of developing functional ovarian cysts _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 545: Can a reactive non-stress test effectively rule out fetal acidemia? _____

Answer: Yes

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 546: Amenorrhea is a concern if a patient does not menstruate by age _____

Answer: 15

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/psychiatry/eating-disorders/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 547: _____ is the most potent risk factor for endometrial cancer due to unopposed estrogen and decreased progesterone

Answer: Anovulation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 548: - Placenta ___ refers to a placenta that has grown too deeply into the wall of the uterus with no separation between the placenta and the myometrium - Placenta _ burrows into the myometrium - Placenta ___ embeds through the myometrium and uterine serosa

Answer: accreta

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/postpartum-hemorrhage/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 549: What is the initial chief complaint of people with ovarian torsion? _____

Answer: Completely spontaneous unilateral abdominal pain

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 550: Dysgerminomas can be monitored with _____

Answer: LDH

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 551: What are the following decelerations on contraction stress testing indicative of? Early: ___ Variable: _ Late: ___

Answer: head compression

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 552: Empiric treatment for endometriosis consists of _ and/or _

Answer: NSAIDs

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 553: Why is magnesium sulfate given to mothers at risk for delivery at <32 weeks gestation? _____

Answer: Decreases risk of cerebral palsy in infants

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 554: Granulosa cell tumor = ↑ _____

Answer: estrogen

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 555: In vulvar lichen sclerosus, lesions are typically multiple white _ that converge into _

Answer: papules

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 556: Multiloculated adnexal mass and fever, leukocytosis, CA-125 = _ Multiloculated adnexal mass = _

Answer: infection

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 557: Ovarian torsion occurs due to twisting of the ovary around the _____ ligament; biggest risk factor is ovarian enlargement (pregnancy, tumor, cyst)

Answer: suspensory

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 558: What is the likely diagnosis in a woman that presents with fever, lower abdominal pain, and purulent cervical discharge? Physical exam reveals cervical motion tenderness. _____

Answer: Pelvic inflammatory disease

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 559: Likely ovarian cancer is managed with _____

Answer: ex lap

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 560: What is the likely diagnosis in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia that develops sudden-onset dyspnea, hypoxia, and crackles? _____

Answer: Pulmonary edema

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 561: The twins share a placenta and have individual amniotic sacs = _-chorionic, _-amniotic

Answer: mono

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 562: Cervical cancer can spread and cause _____ due to compression of the ureters

Answer: hydronephrosis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 563: _____ mole has fetal parts

Answer: Partial

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 564: Pre-eclampsia without severe features treatment: < 37 weeks is managed with _ > 37 weeks is managed with _

Answer: bed rest

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 565: Vulvar cancer (squamous, melanoma) are treated with _____ +/- LN dissection

Answer: vulvectomy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 566: Granulosa cell tumor can cause _____ precocious puberty

Answer: peripheral

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki

Flashcard 567: What is the next step in management of a patient with primary amenorrhea who has an intact endocrine axis but no uterus. _____

Answer: Karyotyping

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 568: What is the treatment of fetal anemia in a pregnant mother with parvovirus infection? _____

Answer: Intrauterine RBC transfusion

Extra:

Flashcard 569: Hypoglycemia and elevated PT/PTT are more common in _____

Answer: acute fatty liver of pregnancy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 570: PPROM is a complication of oligohydramnios _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 571: Oligohydramnios is an indication for an nonstress test (NST) _____

Answer: T

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 572: Post-term pregnancy (> 41 weeks) and oligohydramnios is managed with _____

Answer: induce/deliver

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 573: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a diagnosis of exclusion and is most commonly secondary to _____

Answer: anovulation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 574: Placental site trophoblastic tumor usually occurs after a(n) _____

Answer: non-molar abortion or pregnancy

Extra:

Flashcard 575: How do you treat or prevent seizures in preeclampsia or eclampsia? _____

Answer: IV magnesium sulfate

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 576: 2-3 months prior to hysterectomy for leiomyoma removal, _____ can be prescribed to shrink large or multiple uterine leiomyomas

Answer: Leuprolide

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 577: Mitral stenosis can worsen during _____ due to ↑ transmitral gradient

Answer: pregnancy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 578: What are the most common causes of hyperandrogenism in pregnancy? _____

Answer: Luteomas Theca luteum cysts

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 579: What are the drugs of choice to lower BP in severe preeclampsia (maternal hypertensive crisis > 160/110)? 1. ___ 2. _ 3. ___

Answer: IV Hydralazine

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 580: Polyhydramnios and multiple gestation are risk factors for _____

Answer: preterm labor

Extra:

Flashcard 581: Women should be recommended to use low-dose _____ (81mg/d) as preventive medication who are at high risk for preeclampsia after 12 weeks gestation

Answer: aspirin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 582: Patients at risk for preterm birth often have shortened _____

Answer: cervical lengths (≤ 2.5 cm)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 583: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is managed with _____

Answer: immediate delivery

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 584: Primary ovarian insufficiency = _____gonadotropic hypogonadism

Answer: hyper

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 585: Suspected ectopic and hcg < 1500 and (-) TVUS is managed with _____

Answer: repeat hCG in 2 days

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 586: Each twin has an individual amniotic sac and placenta = _-chorionic, _-amniotic

Answer: di

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 587: What is the preferred method of contraception for patients with breast cancer? _____

Answer: Copper IUD

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 588: (+) progestin withdrawal bleed = _ (-) progestin withdrawal bleed = low _, outflow blockage, or Asherman's

Answer: anovulation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/secondary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 589: What is a post-term pregnancy? _____

Answer: >42 weeks gestation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 590: Lupus can cause uteroplacental _ and lead to fetal growth _

Answer: insufficiency

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 591: What is the recommended management for a hemodynamically unstable patient with an inevitable abortion? _____

Answer: Suction curettage

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 592: Why is obesity the most common risk factor for developing endometrial cancer? _____

Answer: Adipose tissue increases the conversion of androgens to estrogens

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/endometrial-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 593: What type of pregnancy does twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) occur in? _____-chorionic

Answer: Mono

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 594: What is the biggest predictor of the "patch" failing as contraception? _____

Answer: Weight (> 198 lbs)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 595: What is the management of a simple ovarian cyst <5cm in size? _____

Answer: Observe and repeat examination in 6wks

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 596: In an umbilical artery doppler, flow should not stop and should always be _____

Answer: forward

Extra:

Flashcard 597: What are the associated poor outcomes of oligohydramnios? _____ compression Placental insufficiency Meconium aspiration Potter sequence

Answer: Umbilical cord

Extra:

Flashcard 598: Fragile X syndrome premutation carriers = _____ risk of primary ovarian insufficiency

Answer: increased

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/genetics?ref=anki

Flashcard 599: Severe headache or visual changes classifies pre-eclampsia as _____

Answer: severe

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 600: Late- and post-term pregnancies require antenatal fetal surveillance beginning at 41 weeks with a(n) _____ to screen for fetal hypoxia

Answer: biophysical profile

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 601: Adolescents with irregular menstrual bleeding due to anovulatory cycles may benefit from _____ therapy

Answer: progesterone

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 602: _____ is similar to APGAR but in utero, and uses information from NST and ultrasound

Answer: Biophysical profile

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 603: In a woman with Factor V Leiden, what is the most common location of thrombosis that can cause fetal demise? _____

Answer: Uteroplacental artery

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 604: Choriocarcinoma can be monitored with _____

Answer: β-hCG

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 605: What is the medical treatment for ectopic pregnancy? _____

Answer: Methotrexate

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 606: What is the likely diagnosis in a 38-year-old woman that presents with infertility despite a regular menstrual cycle and normal physical exam? _____

Answer: Decreased ovarian reserve

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 607: What are the "three D's" of endometriosis? _____

Answer: Dysmenorrhea Deep dyspareunia Dyschezia

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 608: _hydramnios = single deepest pocket < 2 cm or AFI < 5 cm _dramnios = single deepest pocket > 8 cm or AFI > 24 cm

Answer: Oligo

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 609: What is the term for menopause that occurs before age 40? _____

Answer: Primary ovarian insufficiency

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/menopause/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 610: What is the recommended management for patients with PPROM at < 34 weeks gestation and signs of infection/fetal compromise? _____

Answer: Antibiotics Corticosteroids Magnesium (if <32 weeks) Delivery

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 611: _____ is a blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg before the 20th week of gestation

Answer: Chronic hypertension

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 612: Placental abruption typically presents with a(n) _____ onset of painful vaginal bleeding in the third trimester

Answer: abrupt

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 613: Lichen planus is managed with _____

Answer: high dose steroids

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/papulosquamous/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 614: What is management of a biophysical profile of <4? _____

Answer: Urgent delivery

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 615: _ women usually have regular menses _ women usually have irregular menses

Answer: Ovulatory

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 616: What is the second line tocolytic used for PPROM? _____

Answer: Nifedipine

Extra:

Flashcard 617: Hypertension in pregnancy is associated with _____

Answer: preterm delivery

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 618: Newly detectable β-hCG levels within 6 months following suction curettage for a hydatidiform mole is diagnostic for _____

Answer: gestational trophoblastic disease (e.g. choriocarcinoma)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 619: Mature cystic teratomas have a higher risk of causing _____ due to their hetereogenous composition

Answer: ovarian torsion

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 620: Insulin resistance in PCOS is managed with _____

Answer: metformin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 621: What component of amniotic fluid should be measured to classify the severity of Rh hemolytic disease? _____

Answer: Bilirubin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 622: _____ twins are characterized by the T-sign on ultrasound

Answer: Monochorionic diamniotic

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 623: Suspect intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy = get serum _____ levels

Answer: bile acid

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 624: _____ fetal growth restriction begins in the first trimester and is typically caused by chromosomal abnormalities or intrauterine infection (TORCH)

Answer: Symmetric

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/prenatal-infections-2/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 625: Among the three outcomes of subsequent pregnancies after C-section, the best outcome is _, while the worst outcome is _

Answer: VBAC

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/ob-operations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 626: What is the most common etiology of spontaneous abortion (SAB)? _____

Answer: Fetal chromosomal abnormalities (~60%)

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 627: A(n) _____ fetal fibronectin test prior to term is an indicator of high risk for preterm delivery

Answer: positive

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 628: - Antiphospholipid syndrome is managed with _ - Antiphospholipid syndrome and pregnancy is managed with _

Answer: high dose warfarin

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 629: Premature ovarian failure is characterized by _____ FSH and LH levels

Answer: increased

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/secondary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 630: The risk factors associated with placenta previa can be remembered with the mnemonic MMAP: M___ M_ A_ P___

Answer: ultiparity

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 631: Severe fetal anemia typically presents with a(n) _____ fetal heart tracing

Answer: sinusoidal

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 632: What is an example of a "markedly elevated β-hCG level" in the context of a hydatiform mole? _____

Answer: >100,000 IU/L

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 633: The gold standard for diagnosis of ovarian torsion is _, which typically reveals an ovarian mass with absent _

Answer: ultrasound

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 634: Monozygotic twins arise from 1 egg and 1 sperm, with time of cleavage determining # chorions and amnions: - Cleavage 0-4 days: ___ - Cleavage 4-8 days: _ - Cleavage 8-12 days: _ - Cleavage 13+ days: ___

Answer: Separate chorion and amnion

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 635: _____ is defined as preeclampsia with seizures

Answer: Eclampsia

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 636: If a premenstrual female presents with an adnexal mass, it is likely a(n) _____

Answer: germ cell tumor

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 637: What is the likely diagnosis in a pregnant patient that presents with painless third-trimester bleeding with a normal fetal heart tracing? _____

Answer: Placenta previa

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 638: What causes RUQ pain in HELLP syndrome? _____

Answer: Distension of the hepatic (Glisson's) capsule

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/eclampsia/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 639: Gestational diabetes is a result of pancreatic β-cell hyperplasia and increased _ secondary to elevated levels of _ during the third trimester of pregnancy

Answer: insulin resistance

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 640: Tubo-ovarian abscess unresponsive to antibiotics is treated with _____ or laparotomy

Answer: image guided drainage

Extra:

Flashcard 641: What is fetal dysmaturity syndrome? _____

Answer: Post-term pregnancy d/t age-related placental changes and resultant uteroplacental insufficiency

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 642: _____ cardiomyopathy may be seen during the last month of pregnancy or within five months of childbirth ("peripartum cardiomyopathy")

Answer: Dilated

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 643: PCOS has elevated testosterone levels _____

Answer: T

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 644: Placental _____ is often due to trauma, cocaine, or hypertension

Answer: abruption

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 645: When a mom presents with third-trimester bleeding, what is your differential? Painless: _, _ Painful: Abruptio placentae, uterine rupture

Answer: Placenta previa

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 646: Second trimester cervical length less than _____ mm on ultrasound suggests cervical insufficiency

Answer: 25

Extra:

Flashcard 647: Patient presents with pruritic black lesions in her genitals Suspected cancer: _____

Answer: vulvar/vaginal cancer

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 648: Patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy typically present with what derm symptom? _____

Answer: Pruritis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/jaundice/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 649: Methyldopa = _____ hypertension in pregnancy

Answer: chronic

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/medical-disease/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 650: Endometrial hyperplasia is usually caused by unopposed _____, seen in obese women

Answer: estrogen

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 651: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that presents with sudden-onset unilateral pelvic pain with an enlarged, edematous ovary on ultrasound? Pregnancy test is negative. _____

Answer: Ovarian torsion

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 652: _____ twins are characterized by the lamda sign on ultrasound

Answer: Dichorionic diamniotic

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 653: Amenorrhea: absence of menstrual bleeding for _____ or more months when a woman is not pregnant

Answer: 6

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/secondary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 654: Androgen insensitivity syndrome = hair _ Müllerian agenesis = hair _

Answer: absent

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 655: Following suction curettage for a hydatidiform mole, _____ levels are measured weekly until undetectable and then monthly for 6 months

Answer: β-hCG

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 656: How do you manage virilization during pregnancy? _____

Answer: Conservative

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 657: Once the BRCA 1/2 patient is at least _____ years old or is done having kids, you can perform TAH and BSO

Answer: 35

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 658: How much fetal blood is neutralized by 300 mcg (one dose) of Rhogam? _____

Answer: 30mL

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 659: Peripartum cardiomyopathy typically causes rapid-onset systolic heart failure at > _____ weeks gestation or in the early postpartum period

Answer: 36

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 660: What are the two different inpatient PID regimens? _____ OR Clindamycin Gentamicin

Answer: Cefoxitin/Cefotetan Doxycycline

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 661: More than 2 consecutive second trimester pregnancy losses is the diagnostic criteria for _____

Answer: cervical insufficiency

Extra:

Flashcard 662: What are the prophylactic antibiotics given to a woman with PPROM? _____

Answer: Azithromycin and ampicillin

Extra:

Flashcard 663: What is the recommended management for an adolescent that presents with fever and leukocytosis secondary to pelvic inflammatory disease? _____

Answer: Inpatient broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 664: Gestational diabetes = diabetes that begins > _____ weeks of gestation

Answer: 20

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 665: What is the next step in management for a pregnant woman at 25 weeks gestation that presents after feeling no fetal movement for the past two days? Fetal heart sounds are not heard on Doppler. _____

Answer: Transabdominal ultrasound

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 666: What is the mode of delivery of a patient who's pregnant with twins, twin A is in vertex position and twin B is vertex? _____

Answer: Vaginal delivery

Extra:

Flashcard 667: All forms of poorly controlled maternal diabetes are associated with increased risk of fetal lung _____, preterm delivery, and macrosomia

Answer: immaturity

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-labs/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 668: Squamous cell carcinoma usually presents in women age >60 _____

Answer: T

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 669: Uterine sarcoma is an obstetric malignancy that has increased frequency following _____ and tamoxifen use

Answer: pelvic radiation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 670: The treatment for adenomyosis if childbearing is desired is _____

Answer: progestins

Extra:

Flashcard 671: _____ leads to infertility with abnormal menses

Answer: Primary ovarian insufficiency

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 672: _____ can cause increased aromatization of androgens to estrone leading to anovulation and abnormal uterine bleeding

Answer: Obesity

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 673: The treatment for placental site trophoblastic tumor is often _____

Answer: hysterectomy

Extra:

Flashcard 674: What is the next best step in working up/managing an infant with fetal anemia, as determined by transcranial doppler? Gestational age < 32 weeks: _ Gestational age > 32 weeks: _

Answer: PUBS for transfusion

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/advanced-prenatal-evaluation/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 675: What is the treatment for severe cases of twin to twin transfusion syndrome? _____

Answer: Fetal laser coagulation

Extra:

Flashcard 676: Uncontrolled maternal diabetes = _____hydramnios

Answer: poly

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 677: The majority of placenta previas resolve spontaneously _____

Answer: T

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/3rd-trimester-bleeding/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 678: What is the first-line treatment for infertility or menstrual irregularities due to polycystic ovarian syndrome? _____

Answer: Weight loss

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 679: Savage syndrome is caused by _____ insensitivity ("resistant ovary syndrome")

Answer: FSH receptor

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/secondary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 680: Painless second-trimester cervical dilation in the absence of labor is suggestive of _____

Answer: cervical insufficiency

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 681: What is the next best step in working up a fetus with a nonreactive NST that did not react to vibroacoustic stimulation? _____

Answer: Biophysical profile

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/antenatal-testing/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 682: What is the likely diagnosis in a woman that presents with fever and RLQ abdominal pain with a large multiloculated adnexal mass on ultrasound? _____

Answer: Tubo-ovarian abscess

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 683: What do you look at to determine if an infertile woman is ovulating? Basal temperature _ with ovulation Endometrial biopsy to ensure secretory uterus during the luteal phase Serum progesterone levels should be _ during the luteal phase

Answer: ↑

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 684: Adenomyosis is managed with _____

Answer: hysterectomy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 685: _____ can compress and shrink the uterus

Answer: Endometriosis

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 686: If egg fertilization occurs post-tubal ligation, there's a very high risk of _____

Answer: ectopic pregnancy

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/contraception/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 687: Hypertension does not increase the risk for PPROM _____

Answer: T

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics?ref=anki

Flashcard 688: In utero, indomethacin can cause premature closure of the PDA, decreased _____ perfusion, and fetal oliguria

Answer: renal

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 689: Hyperemesis gravidarum is more common in patients with _____, hydatidiform mole, or history of GERD

Answer: multiple gestation

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obstetrics/multiple-gestations/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 690: Diagnosis of a mole or choriocarcinoma is with _ and _

Answer: β-HCG level

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 691: _____ can be done for twin to twin transfusion syndome to resolve the polyhydramnios

Answer: Amnioreduction

Extra:

Flashcard 692: What type of ovarian cancer would you expect in a postmenopausal female with SBO, renal failure, and ascites? _____

Answer: Epithelial cell cancer

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 693: What is the next best step in management of a stillbirth? _____

Answer: Recommend autopsy of the infant

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 694: _____ cell tumors = high levels of estradiol and inhibin

Answer: Granulosa

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 695: What is the likely diagnosis in a postmenopausal woman that presents with breast tenderness and vaginal bleeding with a large adnexal mass on ultrasound? _____

Answer: Granulosa cell tumor

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 696: Which stromal cell tumor is associated with female showing rapid signs of hirsutism/virilization? _____

Answer: Sertoli-Leydig tumor

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/ovarian-cancer/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 697: 46 XX or XY mole = _ hydatidiform mole 69 XXY mole = _ hydatidiform mole

Answer: complete

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology?ref=anki

Flashcard 698: In addition to postmenopausal women, lichen sclerosus may also occur in _____

Answer: premenarchal girls

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 699: Maternal diabetes in the _____ trimester is associated with increased risk of cardiac, limb, and neural tube defects

Answer: first

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 700: Unexplained, abnormal vaginal bleeding is a contraindication only to hormonal-releasing IUDs _____

Answer: F

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/obgyn?ref=anki

Flashcard 701: Estimated fetal weight < 10% with normal umbilical artery doppler / interval growth is suggestive of _____

Answer: fetal constitutional smallness

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki

Flashcard 702: In _____ syndrome a person is genotypically XY but has female external genitalia with presence of testes

Answer: androgen insensitivity

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/primary-amenorrhea/acquire?ref=anki

Flashcard 703: What is the treatment for preeclampsia or eclampsia to prevent seizures?_____

Answer: IV magnesium sulfate

Flashcard 704: Rotation of the ovary around the _____ ligament causes ovarian torsion

Answer: infundibulopelvic

Flashcard 705: Preeclampsia is caused by abnormal placental _____ arteries, causing endothelial dysfunction, vasoconstriction, and ischemia

Answer: spiral

Flashcard 706: Endometriosis spread to the bladder wall presents with _____

Answer: dysuria

Flashcard 707: Anencephaly may result in _____-hydramnios

Answer: poly

Flashcard 708: _____ is a blood pressure >140/90 mmHg after the 20th week of gestation with no proteinuria, pre-existing hypertension, nor end-organ damage

Answer: Gestational hypertension

Flashcard 709: The classic presentation of ectopic pregnancy is _____ pain weeks after a missed period (amenorrhea)

Answer: lower quadrant abdominal

Flashcard 710: What chemotherapeutic drug is used in the treatment of a hydatidiform mole if hCG levels remain elevated after D&C?_____

Answer: methotrexate

Flashcard 711: What is the most common malignant germ cell tumor in females? _____

Answer: Dysgerminoma

Flashcard 712: _____ tumors are the second most common class of ovarian tumor (15%)

Answer: Germ cell

Flashcard 713: When are anovulatory cycles more likely to occur? _____

Answer: during menarche and menopause

Flashcard 714: What is the most common cause of Vaginal Carcinoma?_____

Answer: High-risk HPV subtypes (16, 18, 31, 33)

Flashcard 715: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor is a rare ovarian sex cord-stromal cell tumor that may produce androgens, thus causing _____ in women

Answer: hirsutism/virilization

Flashcard 716: In the setting of gestational diabetes with poor control, fetal hyperglycemia leads to fetal hyperinsulinism and _____ hyperplasia

Answer: beta cell

Flashcard 717: Do patients with an imperforate hymen typically have abnormal secondary sexual development?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 718: Spontaneous abortion is common and occurs in up to _____ of recognizable pregnancies

Answer: 1/4

Flashcard 719: Patients with hydatiform moles may present with pelvic discomfort, vaginal bleeding, and hyper_____

Answer: emesis

Flashcard 720: In a _____ hydatidiform mole, most villi are hydropic and there is circumferential trophoblastic proliferation around the villi

Answer: complete

Flashcard 721: Ectopic pregnancy is often clinically mistaken for _____

Answer: appendicitis

Flashcard 722: If an Rh- mother with anti-D IgG antibodies has a subsequent pregnancy with an Rh+ fetus, the fetus can develop _____

Answer: hydrops fetalis

Flashcard 723: Leiomyoma (fibroid) is related to _____ exposure

Answer: estrogen

Flashcard 724: Poor maternal glucose control leads to excessive transplacental _____ transfer to the fetus

Answer: glucose

Flashcard 725: CMV can result in _____, which commonly leads to spontaneous abortion

Answer: hydrops fetalis

Flashcard 726: What pregnancy complication is associated with painless third trimester bleeding without fetal bradycardia? _____

Answer: placenta previa

Flashcard 727: Assuming RhoGam is not given, the first time a mother is Rh- and delivers a Rh+ fetus, the mother will form what substance?_____

Answer: Maternal anti-D IgG

Flashcard 728: Are the following protective factors or risk factors for surface epithelial ovarian cancer?_____- Combined oral contraceptives- Multiparity- Breast feeding

Answer: Protective factors

Flashcard 729: Menopause before age 40 suggests _____ insufficiency

Answer: primary ovarian

Flashcard 730: Dysgerminoma has a _____ prognosis

Answer: good

Flashcard 731: The presence of 1 yolk sac with 2 fetal poles is indicative of _____ twins

Answer: monoamniotic

Flashcard 732: In a _____ hydatidiform mole, only some villi are hydropic, and there is only partial trophoblastic proliferation around the vili

Answer: partial

Flashcard 733: One risk factor for placenta accreta is a prior _____, which results in a scar that lacks a healthy decidua basalis

Answer: C-section

Flashcard 734: What is the appearance of an ovarian endometrioma? _____

Answer: Chocolate cyst (blood-filled)

Flashcard 735: Endometrial hyperplasia is usually caused by unopposed _____

Answer: estrogen

Flashcard 736: _____ therapy can be used to induce ovulation by triggering the ovaries to release the mature eggs

Answer: hCG

Flashcard 737: Chronic endometritis presents with abnormal uterine bleeding, pelvic pain, and _____

Answer: infertility

Flashcard 738: In cases of menstrual bleeding due to ovulatory dysfunction, abnormal uterine bleeding can be treated with _____ therapy

Answer: hormone

Flashcard 739: Spontaneous abortion is the miscarriage of a fetus before _____ weeks gestation

Answer: 20

Flashcard 740: Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome results from the spread of PID (pelvic inflammatory disease) into the _____

Answer: peritoneum

Flashcard 741: In Potter sequence, oligohydramnios causes _____ of the developing fetus

Answer: compression

Flashcard 742: Asherman syndrome is often the result of overaggressive _____

Answer: dilation and curettage (D&C)

Flashcard 743: Is pregnancy possible in a patient with uterus didelphys?_____

Answer: Yes

Flashcard 744: _____ infection during the 2nd trimester(s) can result in hydrops fetalis

Answer: CMV

Flashcard 745: _____, a rare complication of diethylstilbestrol, is the malignant proliferation of glands in the vagina with clear cytoplasm

Answer: Clear cell adenocarcinoma

Flashcard 746: _____ cardiomyopathy may be seen during late pregnancy or soon after childbirth ("peripartum cardiomyopathy")

Answer: Dilated

Flashcard 747: A _____ hydatidiform mole does not contain fetal tissue

Answer: complete

Flashcard 748: Gestational diabetes can lead to a placental _____, causing fetal asphyxia, growth restriction, and polycythemia

Answer: vasculopathy

Flashcard 749: _____ is a benign neoplastic proliferation of smooth muscle arising from myometrium

Answer: Leiomyoma (uterine fibroid)

Flashcard 750: Congenital VZV occurs with infection during the _____ trimester

Answer: first or second

Flashcard 751: What is the leading cause of low birth weight in developed countries?_____

Answer: Smoking (nicotine, CO)

Flashcard 752: What demographic is most commonly associated with dysgerminoma? _____

Answer: adolescent females

Flashcard 753: What is the effect of smoking on the onset of menopause (earlier, later)?_____

Answer: Earlier onset

Flashcard 754: Anorexia nervosa is associated with _____ due to loss of pulsatile GnRH secretion

Answer: amenorrhea

Flashcard 755: What is the treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease?_____

Answer: Ceftriaxone + azithromycin/doxycycline

Flashcard 756: A pregnant patient with an abrupt onset of extremely pruritic and urticarial papules and blisters most likely has _____

Answer: pemphigoid gestationis

Flashcard 757: HELLP syndrome can lead to hepatic subcapsular _____, which may rupture leading to severe hypotension

Answer: hematomas

Flashcard 758: Eclampsia and HELLP syndrome both warrant immediate _____

Answer: delivery of the baby

Flashcard 759: Endometriosis spread to the uterosacral ligaments can result in a fixed, _____ uterus

Answer: retroverted

Flashcard 760: A patient with ovarian torsion will typically present with sudden onset _____ and nausea

Answer: unilateral pelvic pain

Flashcard 761: Placenta _____ is the abnormal penetration of the placenta through the myometrium and into the uterine serosa

Answer: percreta

Flashcard 762: Gestational diabetes is a result of increased insulin resistance due to elevated levels of _____ during pregnancy

Answer: human placental lactogen

Flashcard 763: Patients who are undergoing IVF with ovulation induction (ex. hCG therapy) are rarely at risk of developing _____ syndrome

Answer: ovarian hyperstimulation

Flashcard 764: The decrease in fertility in women after 35 is primarily due to diminishing quality / quantity of _____

Answer: ovarian reserve

Flashcard 765: What serum marker is characteristically elevated in choriocarcinoma?_____

Answer: hCG (produced by syncytiotrophoblasts)

Flashcard 766: What demographic is most commonly associated with lichen sclerosus (pre- or post-menopausal women)?_____

Answer: Postmenopausal women

Flashcard 767: Which carcinoma has a tendency to seed body cavities (ie: the peritoneum)?_____

Answer: Ovarian carcinoma

Flashcard 768: Women who are in the _____ period are at particularly high risk of developing myasthenia gravis

Answer: postpartum

Flashcard 769: Choriocarcinomas and Trophoblastic Tumors can be treated with _____

Answer: Methotrexate

Flashcard 770: What is a possible complication of monochorionic twins as a result of anastamosis? _____

Answer: twin-twin transfusion syndrome

Flashcard 771: Ovarian cystadenomas (surface epithelial tumors) most commonly arise in women aged _____ years old

Answer: 30-40

Flashcard 772: What level of proteinuria is required to make a diagnosis of preeclampsia?_____

Answer: e 300 mg/day

Flashcard 773: Neonatal hyperinsulinism in the setting of uncontrolled gestational diabetes can lead to macro_____

Answer: somia

Flashcard 774: The pruritic papules and pustules in pemphigoid gestationis are characteristically located in the _____ region

Answer: periumbilical

Flashcard 775: What serum tumor marker is useful for monitoring treatment response and recurrence of ovarian neoplasms? _____

Answer: CA-125

Flashcard 776: What is the most common invasive (malignant) carcinoma of the female genital tract? _____

Answer: endometrial carcinoma

Flashcard 777: What demographic is most commonly affected by polycystic ovarian syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome)? _____

Answer: Obese, young women

Flashcard 778: Ovarian adenocarcinomas (surface epithelial tumor) most commonly arise in women aged _____ years old

Answer: 60-70

Flashcard 779: What lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio is predictive of NRDS?_____

Answer: < 1.5

Flashcard 780: Congenital varicella syndrome occurs when a pregnant female contracts VZV within the _____ trimester(s)

Answer: first or second

Flashcard 781: Hydatidiform mole presents with _____ levels of hCG than expected for the date of gestation

Answer: higher

Flashcard 782: What is the most common site for an ectopic pregnancy? (specific)_____

Answer: ampulla of the fallopian tube

Flashcard 783: Placental aromatase deficiency results in _____ of female (46,XX) infants

Answer: masculinization

Flashcard 784: Endometrial polyps may be asymptomatic or may present with painless abnormal _____

Answer: uterine bleeding

Flashcard 785: Estrogen analogs increase the risk of _____ cancer when given without progesterone

Answer: endometrial

Flashcard 786: What is the effect of varicocele on fertility? _____

Answer: Decreased

Flashcard 787: What is the effect of septate uterus on fertility?_____

Answer: Decreased

Flashcard 788: What complication can occur with VZV infection in pregnancy?_____

Answer: Congenital varicella syndrome

Flashcard 789: A _____ hydatidiform mole is associated with increased risk of choriocarcinoma

Answer: complete

Flashcard 790: If fertilization does not occur, the residual elements of the ruptured ovarian follicle is replaced by a scar called the _____

Answer: corpus albicans

Flashcard 791: What is the best method of achieving pregnancy in a patient who has Turner Syndrome?_____

Answer: In Vitro Fertilization

Flashcard 792: What is the most important variable affecting ovarian reserve?_____

Answer: advanced maternal age

Flashcard 793: Vaginal squamous cell carcinoma is usually secondary to _____ SCC

Answer: cervical

Flashcard 794: Choriocarcinoma is associated with which type of ovarian cyst?_____

Answer: Theca-lutein cyst

Flashcard 795: There is an increased incidence of preeclampsia in patients with pre-existing _____, diabetes, chronic renal disease, and autoimmune disorders

Answer: hypertension

Flashcard 796: What demographic (age) is most commonly affected by ovarian germ cell tumors? _____

Answer: Women of reproductive age (15-30 years old)

Flashcard 797: Endometrial carcinoma often presents as _____-menopausal bleeding

Answer: post

Flashcard 798: A _____ hydatidiform mole is associated with very little increased risk of choriocarcinoma

Answer: partial

Flashcard 799: _____ is a genitourinary disorder caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae that presents with purulent cervical discharge.

Answer: Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Flashcard 800: What is the first-line diagnostic test for ovarian torsion?_____

Answer: Pelvic ultrasound

Flashcard 801: The average age of presentation for endometrial carcinoma from the sporadic pathway is _____ years old

Answer: 70

Flashcard 802: What is the most common cause of primary amenorrhea? _____

Answer: Turner's syndrome

Flashcard 803: Patients with asherman syndrome will present with _____ fertility

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 804: The presence of cord entanglement is indicative of _____ twins

Answer: monoamniotic

Flashcard 805: What is the most common tumor in females?_____

Answer: Leiomoyoma (fibroid)

Flashcard 806: What type of ovarian cyst is associated with a hydatidiform mole? _____

Answer: Theca-lutein cysts

Flashcard 807: What demographic has increased incidence of leiomyoma (fibroid)? _____

Answer: African Americans (peak occurence 20-40 years old)

Flashcard 808: What type of cancer does vaginal adenosis increase risk for? _____

Answer: clear cell adenocarcinoma

Flashcard 809: Invasive mole is typically the malignant progression of a _____ hydatidiform mole

Answer: complete

Flashcard 810: How is placenta previa usually diagnosed?_____

Answer: Ultrasound

Flashcard 811: What is the percent chance of reversal back to normal cervical epithelium in CIN III? _____

Answer: Slim, but still possible

Flashcard 812: What is the treatment for a hydatidiform mole? _____

Answer: Dilatation and curettage

Flashcard 813: In twin-twin transfusion syndrome, the _____ is polycythemic, overloaded, and at risk for heart failure

Answer: recipient

Flashcard 814: Degeneration of ovarian follicles may result in follicular _____

Answer: cysts

Flashcard 815: What is the most common site that endometriosis spreads to? _____

Answer: Ovary

Flashcard 816: A hydatidiform mole may be detected via the absence of fetal _____ sounds

Answer: heart

Flashcard 817: Which other ovarian tumor is seen associated with cystic teratomas in 40% cases?_____

Answer: Mucinous cystadenomas

Flashcard 818: In a patient of imperforate hymen, retrograde menstruation may occur, leading to the development of _____

Answer: endometriosis

Flashcard 819: What is the effect of bicornuate uterus on fertility?_____

Answer: Decreased

Flashcard 820: Anovulatory cycles lead to the break down and shedding of proliferative glands resulting in abnormal _____

Answer: uterine bleeding

Flashcard 821: What is the most supported theory for the etiology of endometriosis?_____

Answer: Retrograde menstruation

Flashcard 822: A teenage girl has recently gotten an IUD, but comes back to your office complaining of pelvic pain and on pelvic exam you notice she has uterine bleeding and the tissue looks slightly necrotic in a focal area - what medications can you prescribe?_____

Answer: Gentamicin + Clindamicin

Flashcard 823: Which thyroid imbalance presents with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and Infertility?_____

Answer: Hypothyroidism AND Hyperthyroidism

Flashcard 824: Congenital Rubella occurs with infection during the _____ trimester

Answer: first

Flashcard 825: Which chemotherapeutic drug can be used in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy?_____

Answer: Methotrexate

Flashcard 826: Endometriosis spread to the bowel serosa presents with _____ pain and adhesions

Answer: abdominal

Flashcard 827: What is the #1 risk factor for cervical carcinoma? _____

Answer: multiple sexual partners

Flashcard 828: What is most commonly the effect of teratogens during the weeks 3-8 of gestation?_____

Answer: organ malformation

Flashcard 829: _____ presents with enlarged, bilateral cystic ovaries

Answer: Polycystic ovarian syndrome

Flashcard 830: When a patient is pregnant, low levels of -hCG should be concerning for failing or _____ pregnancies

Answer: ectopic

Flashcard 831: What is the treatment for septate uterus?_____

Answer: Septoplasty

Flashcard 832: What pregnancy complication may be treated with benzodiazepines? _____

Answer: Eclampsia (not first line)

Flashcard 833: _____ is an ovarian sex cord stromal tumor that may present with a "pulling" sensation in the groin

Answer: Fibroma

Flashcard 834: _____ is multiple follicular cysts in the ovary and anovulation due to hormone imbalance

Answer: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (Stein-Leventhal syndrome) (fancy name)

Flashcard 835: What is the most common infectious cause of fetal pleural effusion, pulmonary hypoplasia, and ascites?_____

Answer: Parvovirus B19

Flashcard 836: What pregnancy complication is associated with painless third trimester bleeding with fetal bradycardia (HR <110bpm)? _____

Answer: Vasa previa

Flashcard 837: Hydatidiform mole presents with uterine _____ more than expected for the date of gestation

Answer: enlargement

Flashcard 838: What is the most common malignant ovarian sex cord stromal tumor? _____

Answer: granulosa cell tumor

Flashcard 839: Will Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn occur on the first pregnancy?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 840: Gestational diabetes is treated with _____ if nutrition therapy and exercise alone fail

Answer: insulin replacement

Flashcard 841: Symptoms of androgen excess, such as _____, in PCOS may be treated with spironolactone

Answer: hirsutism

Flashcard 842: Preeclampsia typically presents _____ the 20th week of gestation

Answer: after

Flashcard 843: _____ phenylketonuria is due to lack of proper dietary therapy during pregnancy

Answer: Maternal

Flashcard 844: Polycystic ovarian syndrome often has a LH:FSH ratio _____

Answer: >2

Flashcard 845: In areas with no prenatal care, a hydatidiform mole presents in the 2nd trimester with _____

Answer: passage of grape-like masses (large, edematous villi) through the vaginal canal

Flashcard 846: Patients with pemphigoid gestationis have an increased risk of maternal development of _____ disease

Answer: Graves

Flashcard 847: Potter sequence may be caused by chronic _____ insufficiency

Answer: placental

Flashcard 848: What is the effect of multiple gestations (e.g. twins, triplets) on hCG levels? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 849: Which gynecologic cancer (endometrial, cervical, ovarian) has the worst prognosis?_____

Answer: Ovarian

Flashcard 850: Hepatic adenomas may rupture, causing intraperitoneal bleeding, especially during _____

Answer: pregnancy

Flashcard 851: Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome have increased risk of _____ carcinoma, secondary to unopposed effects of estrogen

Answer: endometrial

Flashcard 852: Hydatidiform mole presents with a '_____' appearance on ultrasound

Answer: snow-storm

Flashcard 853: Patients with granulosa cell tumors can develop an _____ carcinoma

Answer: endometrial

Flashcard 854: _____ tumor is the most common class of ovarian tumor (70%)

Answer: Surface epithelial

Flashcard 855: Maternal ITP may cause short-lived thrombocytopenia in offspring since _____ can cross the placenta

Answer: anti-platelet IgG

Flashcard 856: Spontaneous abortion is more common in patients in a _____ state, such as those with antiphospholipid syndrome

Answer: hypercoaguable

Flashcard 857: The main risk factor for ovarian torsion is the presence of a _____

Answer: large ovarian mass

Flashcard 858: Vulvar carcinoma presents as _____; a biopsy may be required to distinguish carcinoma from other causes (e.g. lichen sclerosus and lichen simplex chronicus)

Answer: leukoplakia

Flashcard 859: In twin-twin transfusion syndrome, the _____ is anemic, pale, and has restricted growth

Answer: donor

Keywords: High-risk pregnancies flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards

Study by Chapter

Advanced maternal age

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Multiple gestation management

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Pregestational diabetes

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Chronic hypertension in pregnancy

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Thyroid disorders in pregnancy

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Autoimmune disorders in pregnancy

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Cardiac disease in pregnancy

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Renal disease in pregnancy

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Obesity in pregnancy

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Substance use in pregnancy

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Prior preterm birth management

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Prior cesarean delivery management

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Maternal cancer in pregnancy

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