Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3701: During the maintenance phase of acute tubular necrosis, there is increased risk for _____-kalemia and uremia

Answer: hyper

Flashcard 3702: What type of pneumonia is typically caused by S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae, and Klebsiella? _____

Answer: Bronchopneumonia

Flashcard 3703: Sudden cardiac death may be prevented with an implantable _____

Answer: cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

Flashcard 3704: The initial treatment for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is _____

Answer: Plasmapheresis (plasma exchange)

Extra: TTP is a medical emergency caused by a deficiency or inhibition of the protease **ADAMTS13**, leading to uncleaved vWF multimers and microthrombi. **Key Distinction:** - **TTP:** Requires emergent **plasmapheresis** (plasma exchange) and often corticosteroids. - **Typical HUS (D+ HUS):** Primarily **supportive care** (fluids, dialysis if needed); plasmapheresis is generally not indicated for Shiga-toxin mediated HUS. TTP Pentad: 1. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (schistocytes) 2. Thrombocytopenia 3. Fever 4. Neurological symptoms 5. Renal failure

Flashcard 3705: What is the characteristic auscultatory finding in **severe aortic stenosis** heard at the **aortic area** (sitting; bell)?

Answer: Systolic murmur with absent S2

Extra: The A2 component of the second heart sound (S2) is typically soft or absent in **severe aortic stenosis** because the valve leaflets are heavily calcified and immobile, preventing them from snapping shut.

Flashcard 3706: Renal papillary necrosis may be caused by _____ disease or trait

Answer: sickle cell

Flashcard 3707: What clinical features are seen in 17-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency in males (sex hormone effects)?

Answer: Pseudohermaphroditism: ambiguous genitalia, undescended testes

Flashcard 3708: Nephritic syndrome is associated with _____ BUN and creatinine

Answer: increased

Flashcard 3709: In the **JONES** criteria for rheumatic fever, what does the **'O'** represent?

Answer: **Carditis** (Pancarditis: endocarditis, myocarditis, and pericarditis)

Extra: The major **JONES** criteria for Rheumatic Fever are: - **J**oints (Migratory polyarthritis) - **O** (Heart): Carditis - **N**odules (Subcutaneous) - **E**rythema marginatum - **S**ydenham chorea

Flashcard 3710: _____ is a form of dystonia that involves involuntary contraction of the eyelids

Answer: Blepharospasm