Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3681: What type of pneumonia is typically caused by S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenzae, and Klebsiella? _____

Answer: Bronchopneumonia

Flashcard 3682: What is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis in the United States?_____

Answer: HSV-1

Flashcard 3683: In normal pressure hydrocephalus, CSF pressure is _____ elevated

Answer: episodically

Flashcard 3684: Lung cancer risk is directly related to the duration and the amount of smoking, which is measured in '_____'.

Answer: pack-years

Flashcard 3685: Renal papillary necrosis may be caused by _____ disease or trait

Answer: sickle cell

Flashcard 3686: Which thyroid imbalance is associated with dry, cool skin and coarse, brittle hair?_____

Answer: Hypothyroidism

Flashcard 3687: What is the treatment of Addison disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency)?_____

Answer: Replacement of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Flashcard 3688: What two organs are commonly affected by Churg-Strauss syndrome?_____

Answer: Heart and lungs

Flashcard 3689: The initial treatment for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is _____

Answer: Plasmapheresis (plasma exchange)

Extra: TTP is a medical emergency caused by a deficiency or inhibition of the protease **ADAMTS13**, leading to uncleaved vWF multimers and microthrombi. **Key Distinction:** - **TTP:** Requires emergent **plasmapheresis** (plasma exchange) and often corticosteroids. - **Typical HUS (D+ HUS):** Primarily **supportive care** (fluids, dialysis if needed); plasmapheresis is generally not indicated for Shiga-toxin mediated HUS. TTP Pentad: 1. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (schistocytes) 2. Thrombocytopenia 3. Fever 4. Neurological symptoms 5. Renal failure

Flashcard 3690: What effect does the rapid squatting maneuver have on the intensity of aortic stenosis murmurs?_____

Answer: Increased intensity