Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3621: Patients with prolonged, untreated obstructive sleep apnea can develop _____ and a resultant right heart failure

Answer: pulmonary hypertension

Flashcard 3622: _____ is defined as compression of the heart by fluid

Answer: Cardiac tamponade

Flashcard 3623: Mitral regurgitation usually arises as a complication of mitral valve _____ (Barlow syndrome)

Answer: prolapse

Flashcard 3624: Aortic _____ may present with markedly unequal blood pressure in the arms

Answer: dissection

Flashcard 3625: What Graves associated condition is made worse by cold air, wind, and bright lights?_____

Answer: Graves ophthalmopathy

Flashcard 3626: What X-ray finding is associated with the adult form of coarctation of the aorta? _____

Answer: 'notching' of ribs (due to engorged intercostal arteries)

Flashcard 3627: On auscultation of the pulmonic area using the diaphragm, what type of S2 splitting is audible during both inspiration and expiration but widens during inspiration?

Answer: Persistent (wide) split S2

Extra: A persistent (wide) split S2 is characterized by an increase in the interval between A2 and P2 such that the split is audible even during expiration, but it still widens further during inspiration. This is typically seen in conditions that delay pulmonic valve closure (e.g., RBBB, pulmonic stenosis) or cause early aortic valve closure.

Flashcard 3628: What is the result of a dexamethasone suppression test if the cause of hypercortisolism is an ACTH-secreting tumor of the anterior pituitary?_____

Answer: LOW dose of dexamethasone does not suppress cortisol secretion, but HIGH dose does

Flashcard 3629: _____ pneumothorax is due to rupture of apical subpleural blebs or cysts

Answer: Primary spontaneous

Flashcard 3630: One common cause of acute primary adrenal insufficiency is _____ syndrome

Answer: Waterhouse-Friderichsen