Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 3591: Patients with early diabetic neuropathy typically have decreased _____ reflexes

Answer: ankle

Flashcard 3592: Patients with the B blood type cannot receive which blood types?

Answer: A and AB

Extra: Blood type B individuals have anti-A antibodies in their plasma. Therefore, receiving blood with A antigens (Type A or Type AB) will result in an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction.

Flashcard 3593: What acid-base disorder may be seen with syndrome of apparent mineralocorticoid excess? _____

Answer: Metabolic alkalosis

Flashcard 3594: What neurologic complication is classically associated with **meperidine** overdose? _____

Answer: Seizures (due to the metabolite normeperidine)

Extra: While most opioids cause CNS depression, meperidine (and tramadol) are classically associated with seizures in overdose. Normeperidine has a long half-life and neurotoxic properties, especially in patients with renal impairment.

Flashcard 3595: What demographic (age, gender) is associated with scleroderma? _____

Answer: Middle-aged females (30-50 years)

Flashcard 3596: When does the rash of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) typically appear?

Answer: 2–5 days after the onset of fever

Flashcard 3597: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis often presents with lower respiratory tract symptoms, such as _____, cough, and dyspnea

Answer: hemoptysis

Flashcard 3598: Which invasive infection can present similarly to mucormycosis (paranasal sinus necrosis)?_____

Answer: Invasive aspergillosis

Flashcard 3599: How do PCWP and preload change during cardiogenic and obstructive shock?

Answer: Increased ($\uparrow$)

Extra: In **cardiogenic shock** and most forms of **obstructive shock** (e.g., cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax), PCWP is increased. This helps differentiate them from hypovolemic and distributive shocks, where PCWP is decreased. **Note:** PCWP is actually decreased in obstructive shock caused by a massive pulmonary embolism (since the obstruction is proximal to the left atrium).

Flashcard 3600: Appropriate absolute polycythemia is characterized by _____ RBC mass

Answer: increased