Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 311: MODY is a(n) autosomal dominant disorder seen in young patients that is similar to T_____DM

Answer: 2

Extra: MODY is non-insulin dependent (due to primary beta-cell dysfunction), which distinguishes it from Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Flashcard 312: Does secondary adrenocortical insufficiency present with hyperkalemia or metabolic acidosis? _____

Answer: No, because aldosterone levels are normal

Extra: In secondary adrenal insufficiency, aldosterone synthesis is preserved because it is primarily regulated by the RAAS (Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System), not ACTH. Therefore, electrolyte and acid-base disturbances like hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis (which result from mineralocorticoid deficiency) are absent. Note: Hypotension can still occur in secondary adrenal insufficiency due to cortisol deficiency (cortisol is permissive for catecholamine-mediated vasoconstriction), but it is generally less severe than the hypovolemic shock seen in primary adrenal insufficiency.

Flashcard 313: What gender is more commonly affected by myasthenia gravis? _____

Answer: Females

Flashcard 314: The most common cause of primary hyperaldosteronism is _____

Answer: bilateral adrenal hyperplasia

Extra: * adrenal hyperplasia and carcinoma are less common causes; Uptodate says idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia MCC

Flashcard 315: Cough, night sweats, and hemoptysis are symptoms of _____ Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Answer: reactivated

Flashcard 316: What is the most common cause of acute pericarditis? _____

Answer: Idiopathic (presumed viral)

Flashcard 317: Prophylaxis for osteoporosis includes regular _____ exercise and adequate Ca2+ / vitamin D intake throughout adulthood

Answer: weight-bearing

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 318: Tophi, secondary to gout, often arise on the _____, olecranon bursa, or Achilles tendon

Answer: external ear

Extra: Gouty tophi due to urate crystal deposition in bones and soft tissues White chalky, nodules with irregular distribution in the fingers and metacarpus (left) Soft tissue tophi Painless, hard, soft, white chalky nodules in the bursa of the right elbow in a patient with gout. Gouty tophi due to urate crystal deposition in bones and soft tissues White chalky, nodules in the first and second toes (left) Atlas:

Flashcard 319: Anemia of chronic disease is characterized by _____ serum iron

Answer: decreased

Extra: * inflammation leads to inhibition of iron release from ferritin Other:

Flashcard 320: _____-cell ALL (leukemia or lymphoma) may present with SVC syndrome, stridor, dysphagia, or dyspnea

Answer: T

Extra: * due to large anterior mediastinal mass (thymus)