Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 2981: Compensation for aortic stenosis leads to a prolonged _____ stage

Answer: asymptomatic

Flashcard 2982: What is the fractional excretion of Na+ (FENa) in early postrenal azotemia?

Answer: < 1%

Extra: In the early stages of postrenal azotemia (obstruction < 24 hours), the renal tubules remain functional. The increased pressure in the tubular system promotes sodium and water reabsorption, leading to a low FENa (< 1%) and high urine osmolality, mimicking a prerenal state. In late postrenal azotemia, tubular damage occurs, leading to an inability to concentrate urine and reabsorb sodium (FENa > 2%).

Flashcard 2983: Are migraines associated with photo- and phonophobia? _____

Answer: Yes

Flashcard 2984: Do tension headaches cause throbbing or constant pain?_____

Answer: Constant/steady pain

Flashcard 2985: Atelectasis (bronchial / bronchiole obstruction) presents with _____ breath sounds

Answer: decreased (increased or decreased)

Flashcard 2986: What heart defect is associated with autosomal dominant PKD? _____

Answer: Mitral valve prolapse

Flashcard 2987: What is the most common form of cardiomyopathy (90%)? _____

Answer: Dilated cardiomyopathy

Flashcard 2988: Marfan syndrome is associated with a floppy _____ valve

Answer: mitral

Flashcard 2989: What effect does the rapid squatting maneuver have on the "click" onset time of MVP murmurs?_____

Answer: Later onset of click/murmur

Flashcard 2990: Chronic bronchitis is highly associated with _____ (risk factor)

Answer: smoking