Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 2801: Describe the characteristic murmur and S2 findings heard at the pulmonic area in a patient with an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD).

Answer: Ejection systolic murmur and a wide, fixed split S2

Extra: The ejection systolic murmur is due to increased blood flow across the pulmonic valve. The fixed splitting of S2 is a hallmark of Atrial Septal Defect (ASD); it occurs because the left-to-right shunt maintains a constant increased volume in the right ventricle, delaying pulmonic valve closure (P2) regardless of the respiratory cycle.

Flashcard 2802: One complication of atherosclerosis is _____, which may result from stenosis of the mesenteric artery

Answer: chronic mesenteric ischemia

Flashcard 2803: Does Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia present with lytic bone lesions? _____

Answer: No

Flashcard 2804: A _____ multinodular goiter occurs when a multinodular goiter has hyperfunctioning follicular cells that work independently of TSH, causing increased release of T3 and T4

Answer: toxic

Flashcard 2805: Which arthritis, osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis, classically involves the PIPs and DIPs? _____

Answer: Osteoarthritis (also the 1st CMC)

Flashcard 2806: How do levels of plasma renin and aldosterone change in Gitelman syndrome? _____

Answer: Increased (due to decreased Na+ reabsorption)

Flashcard 2807: Which antibody is sensitive for drug-induced lupus? _____

Answer: Anti-histone antibodies

Flashcard 2808: Will there be swelling, erythema, or warmth in the surrounding area of avascular necrosis of the femoral head?_____

Answer: No

Flashcard 2809: Patients with systemic mastocytosis can present with syncope, flushing, hypotension, pruritis, and urticaria due to massive _____ release

Answer: histamine

Flashcard 2810: Which infectious skin disorder is caused by infection with anaerobic "flesh-eating" bacteria or S. pyogenes? _____

Answer: Necrotizing fasciitis