Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 2451: What are the four perfusion-related causes of prerenal AKI? _____ Hypotension (sepsis, CHF) Renovascular (NSAIDs, renal artery stenosis, fibromuscular dysplasia) Large vessel (thrombosis, dissection)

Answer: Hypovolemia (bleed, cirrhosis, nephrosis)

Flashcard 2452: What anatomical levels of obstruction are suggested by **inspiratory**, **expiratory**, and **biphasic stridor**?

Answer: • **Inspiratory**: Supraglottic (e.g., larynx) • **Expiratory**: Intrathoracic (e.g., trachea/bronchi) • **Biphasic**: Glottic or subglottic (fixed obstruction)

Extra: Stridor is a pathological breath sound produced by a partially obstructed airway. - **Inspiratory stridor**: Suggests obstruction at the level of the larynx (supraglottic). - **Biphasic stridor**: Suggests obstruction at the level of the glottis or subglottis. - **Expiratory stridor**: Suggests obstruction of the lower trachea or bronchi (intrathoracic).

Flashcard 2453: Stable angina = _____

Answer: usually ST depression

Flashcard 2454: The most reliable clinical sign of DVT is _____

Answer: unilateral leg swelling

Flashcard 2455: _____ is an anemia due to decreased synthesis of globin chains

Answer: Thalassemia

Flashcard 2456: Neurogenic shock results from failure of the _____ to maintain vascular tone, which can lead to priapism

Answer: SNS

Flashcard 2457: What is the treatment for HOCM? _____

Answer: Avoiding dehydration (preserving preload) BBs (increased diastolic time to maximize preload)

Flashcard 2458: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurological disorder that on EMG and nerve conduction studies will show _____ and positive sharp waves

Answer: fibrillation potentials

Flashcard 2459: Lyme disease prophylaxis is indicated only if the *Ixodes scapularis* tick has been attached for _____ hours.

Answer: ≥ 36

Extra: Criteria for Lyme prophylaxis (single-dose doxycycline): 1. Attached tick is an adult or nymphal Ixodes scapularis (deer tick). 2. Tick has been attached for ≥ 36 hours (based on exposure time or degree of engorgement). 3. Prophylaxis is started within 72 hours of tick removal. 4. Local rate of B. burgdorferi infection in ticks is ≥ 20% (e.g., New England, Mid-Atlantic, Upper Midwest). 5. Doxycycline is not contraindicated.

Flashcard 2460: Tophi is a complication of chronic pseudogout _____

Answer: F