Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 2421: Postrenal AKI: Pathology: _____ Diagnostics: Sonogram (ultrasound) to look for hydroureter/hydronephrosis or residual urine Treatment: Relieve the obstruction (e.g., stent or catheter)

Answer: Obstruction to outflow at any level; ureters must be blocked bilaterally (e.g., BPH or uric acid stones)

Flashcard 2422: Pt w/ RBC casts on U/A: _____

Answer: Glomerulonephritis

Flashcard 2423: Otitis externa maligna = _____

Answer: Pseudomonas

Extra: Most common in elderly diabetic patients. Characterized by granulation tissue at the bony-cartilaginous junction of the ear canal.

Flashcard 2424: What is the recommended treatment for carboxyhemoglobinemia (CO poisoning) in patients with signs of confusion/agitation? _____

Answer: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Flashcard 2425: What are the current recommendations regarding PSA screening in asymptomatic patients? _____

Answer: Controversial; should be determined on a case-by-case basis by the physician and patient

Extra: PSA screening recommendations involve shared decision-making between the physician and the patient, typically for men aged 55-69. Guidelines (e.g., USPSTF, AUA) emphasize discussing the potential benefits (reduction in prostate cancer mortality) and harms (overdiagnosis, treatment complications) of screening.

Flashcard 2426: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that develops post-operative high fever, tachycardia, hypertension, and lid lag with no muscle rigidity? Serum creatine kinase is slightly elevated. _____

Answer: Thyroid storm

Flashcard 2427: A pt presents c/o of a skin lesion on his face. Physical exam reveals an erythematous pigmented lesion with a sandpaper-like yellow-brown scaly appearance. The pt states that he spends a lot of time in the sun working in construction. You suspect actinic keratosis. What is the first-line treatment? _____

Answer: Cryosurgery (esp. if it is a small lesion) Multiple lesions 5-FU, imiquimod, photodynamic therapy

Flashcard 2428: Clubbing of the fingers and toes associated with joint swelling and pain suggests a diagnosis of _____; the best next step is a(n) _____.

Answer: Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

Extra: Note: Clubbing can occur in both fingers and toes. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is frequently a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with lung adenocarcinoma.

Flashcard 2429: 3 lifetime tetanus doses and: - clean wound with last booster within 10 years, or - dirty wound with last booster within 5 years _____

Answer: No Tdap needed → discharge

Flashcard 2430: In Lemierre syndrome, septic thromboemboli from the neck can seed other organs, leading to multiple _____ on CXR

Answer: peripheral lung nodules