Cardiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 2111: Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome is treated with IV _____ and IV _____

Answer: fluids

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Flashcard 2112: - If you have hyperkalemia associated with ECG changes, first step is to stabilize _____ by administering IV calcium gluconate - Then administer insulin + glucose in order to quickly shift K+ into cells

Answer: cardiac myocyte membrane

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/potassium/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 2113: What enzyme is often elevated in patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia? _____

Answer: LDH

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki 

Flashcard 2114: Is smoking cessation associated with a mortality benefit in patients with COPD? _____

Answer: Yes

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Flashcard 2115: In diabetic patients, what urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is an indication for starting an ACE inhibitor?\n_____ mg/g

Answer: 30-300

Extra: The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of 30-300 mg/g (microalbuminuria) is an early indication of diabetic nephropathy and a prompt to initiate ACE inhibitors or ARBs for renal protection.

Flashcard 2116: Which stroke subtype is characterized by early focal neurologic symptoms that worsen over minutes to hours with possible features of increased ICP (e.g. vomiting, headache, reduced alertness)? _____

Answer: Intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/stroke/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 2117: Patients with COPD who have resting PaO2 < _____ mmHg or SaO2 < _____% are candidates for long-term home O2 treatment

Answer: 55

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Flashcard 2118: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy aka _____ is extreme burning/tingling non-dermatomal pain after a(n) _____

Answer: complex regional pain syndrome

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 2119: What is the recommended screening protocol for osteoporosis?\n_____

Answer: DEXA scan for all women ≥ 65

Flashcard 2120: Which spinal cord syndrome is characterized by ipsilateral spastic paralysis, ipsilateral loss of vibration/proprioception, and contralateral loss of pain/temperature? Answer: _____

Answer: Brown-Sequard syndrome

Extra: Brown-Sequard syndrome is most commonly caused by penetrating trauma (e.g., a knife wound) resulting in hemisection of the spinal cord.